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During the first three decades after World War II, a nationwide system of blood banks was established to meet an ever-growing demand for blood transfusions, and blood bankers were discovering numerous red-cell antigens and developing methods to ensure the selection of compatible blood. Spurred mostly by the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a public health threat, the past two decades have brought about great improvements in lowering the risk of transfusion-transmitted disease, more judicious practice in transfusing allogeneic blood, and growth in the use of autologous blood during surgical operations. With the transition from two infectious-disease tests for
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