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In the majority of children with cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and other chronic neurodevelopmental disorders, no specific cause can be identified. The inability of physicians to provide information about the cause of a child's disability is often a major source of parental frustration and distress. In their search for plausible explanations for an adverse outcome of neurologic development, both physicians and parents often focus on real or perceived difficulties during labor and delivery. In the absence of alternative factors to account for a child's neurologic problems, parental recollections of, for example, intrapartum irregularities of the fetal heart rate or of
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