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Previous Volume 339:1609-1618 November 26, 1998 Number 22 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the Western world. Because breast cancer is estrogen-dependent, reducing estrogen secretion by oophorectomy, hypophysectomy, or adrenalectomy can cause the cancer to regress. The need for these surgical procedures was reduced by the introduction of tamoxifen, which acts as an antiestrogen by inhibiting the binding of estrogen to estrogen receptors. Tamoxifen was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1977 for the treatment of women with advanced breast cancer and several years later for adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer.¹

Pharmacology and Endocrinology

Pharmacologic and Pharmacokinetic Properties

The compound administered to patients is trans-tamoxifen (as the . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Endocrine Effects

Mechanism of Action

Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

Invasive Breast Cancer

            Estrogen-Receptor Status

            Optimal Duration of Therapy

            Benefits According to Age or Menopausal Status

            Benefits in Women with and Women without Metastases to the Axillary Lymph Nodes

            Benefits in Elderly Women

            Tamoxifen in Combination with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Treatment of Men with Breast Cancer

Resistance

Ancillary Benefits

Serum Lipoproteins and Mortality from Cardiovascular Causes

Changes in Bone Mineral Density

Prevention of Contralateral Breast Cancer and of Breast Cancer in Women at High Risk

Toxicity

Menopausal Symptoms

Ocular, Thromboembolic, and Hematologic Effects

Endometrial Cancer

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78284-7884, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Osborne.

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