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With an aging population and many infectious diseases now under control, cancer has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Epidemiologic surveys indicate that the patient with cancer often has a family history of cancer. Familial cancers with a clear pattern of mendelian inheritance are very rare, and during the past decade most of the genes responsible for these rare disorders have been identified. The increased relative risk of cancer in family members of patients with cancer is probably due to the presence of cancer genes with low penetrance or of polymorphisms of genes with a
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