While concern about the direction of managed care has intensifiedin the United States,1 managed care has been diffusing rapidlyto other countries. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, reformsin several European national health programs introduced principlesof managed care, market competition, and privatization of publicservices.1,2,3 More recently, managed-care reforms in some Europeancountries, including the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, andSweden, have been reversed.3,4,5
Since the mid-1990s, U.S. managed-care organizations and investmentfunds have rapidly entered the Latin American market. The exportationof managed care has been linked to privatization and cutbacksin public-sector services; international . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Economic Motivations for Exporting Managed Care
Policies of the World Bank and Other Multilateral Lending Agencies
Corporate Strategies for the Exportation of Managed Care
Specific Strategies
Main Corporations Involved
Effects on Health Care and Public Health Programs
Resistance to Managed Care and Alternative Proposals
Evaluating Managed Care throughout the Americas
Source Information
From the Department of Anthropology (K.S.) and the Division of Community Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine (H.W., C.I.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; and the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.I.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Waitzkin at the Division of Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, 2400 Tucker Ave. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, or at waitzkin@unm.edu.
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