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In less than a week, amorphous clusters of mesodermal cells in an early mouse embryo are transformed into a four-chambered heart, complete with valves, coronary vessels, a pacemaker, and a specialized conducting system. At a stage of development when many other organs are barely recognizable, the heart of a mouse embryo is fully capable of pumping blood to the entire organism, and its basic design is virtually indistinguishable from that of the heart of a human adult, except of course for its diminutive size. In a human embryo, this developmental process requires just slightly longer, whereas other vertebrates such as
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