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In 1957, E. Donnall Thomas, who later won the Nobel prize, reported on the first attempts to use hematopoietic stem cells as rescue therapy for patients with leukemia who had received high-dose myelotoxic treatment. The source was bone marrow. Although Goodman and colleagues demonstrated in 1962 that pooled blood from donor mice successfully restored hematopoiesis in inbred mice that had received supralethal doses of radiation, there was not much thought among clinicians at that time of using peripheral blood in clinical transplantation. The assumption was that there were too few stem cells in peripheral blood to ensure successful engraftment. No
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