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Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately 40 percent of deaths annually. Although advances in the control of cardiovascular risk factors and improved treatments for acute myocardial infarction have reduced mortality for most forms of heart disease, the death rate from congestive heart failure is increasing. It is estimated that over 3.5 million people in the United States now have congestive heart failure and that 5.7 million will be affected by 2030. The incidence of heart failure increases with age, and congestive heart failure is now the leading cause of hospitalization among
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