FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 341:28-37 July 1, 1999 Number 1 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

The history of biology was forever altered a decade ago by the bold decision to launch a research program that would characterize in ultimate detail the complete set of genetic instructions of the human being. The idea captured the public imagination, perhaps less in the manner of America's wars on cancer and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome than in the manner of the great expeditions — those of Lewis and Clark, Sir Edmund Hillary, and even Neil Armstrong. Scientists wanted to map the human genetic terrain, knowing it would lead them to previously unimaginable insights, and from there to the common . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Accelerated Goals for Sequencing the Human Genome

More Than Just the Sequence

Implications for Understanding Genetic Illness

Implications for the Study of Common Disorders

New Forms of Technology for Genetic Analysis and Risk Assessment

Genetic Knowledge and Individualized Medicine

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications

A Hypothetical Case in 2010

Conclusions

Source Information

Presented as the 109th Shattuck Lecture to the Annual Meeting of the Massachusetts Medical Society, Boston, May 8, 1999.

From the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr., MSC 2152, Bldg. 31, Rm. 4B09, Bethesda, MD 20892-2152, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Collins.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Tercyak, K. P. (2009). Introduction to the Special Issue: Psychological Aspects of Genomics and Child Health. J Pediatr Psychol 34: 589-595 [Full Text]  
• Khoury, M. J., Berg, A., Coates, R., Evans, J., Teutsch, S. M., Bradley, L. A. (2008). The Evidence Dilemma In Genomic Medicine. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: 1600-1611 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Maitland, M. L., Ratain, M. J., Cox, N. J. (2007). Interpreting P Values in Pharmacogenetic Studies: A Call for Process and Perspective. JCO 25: 4513-4515 [Full Text]  
• Turner, S. T., Schwartz, G. L., Boerwinkle, E. (2007). Personalized Medicine for High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 50: 1-5 [Full Text]  
• Hall, W. D (2007). A research agenda for assessing the potential contribution of genomic medicine to tobacco control. Tobacco Control 16: 53-58 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gramling, R. E., Vidrine, J. I. (2007). Risk Communication During Screening for Genomic Breast Cancer Susceptibility. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 1: 54-58 [Abstract]  
• Carlsten, C., Burke, W. (2006). Potential for Genetics to Promote Public Health: Genetics Research on Smoking Suggests Caution About Expectations. JAMA 296: 2480-2482 [Full Text]  
• Weinshilboum, R., Wang, L. (2006). Pharmacogenomics: Bench to Bedside. Focus 4: 431- [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bailey, D. B. Jr, Skinner, D., Warren, S. F. (2005). Newborn Screening for Developmental Disabilities: Reframing Presumptive Benefit. AJPH 95: 1889-1893 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burke, W. (2005). Contributions of Public Health to Genetics Education for Health Care Professionals. Health Educ Behav 32: 668-675 [Abstract]  
• Burke, W. (2005). Taking Family History Seriously. ANN INTERN MED 143: 388-389 [Full Text]  
• Khoury, M. J., Davis, R., Gwinn, M., Lindegren, M. L., Yoon, P. (2005). Do We Need Genomic Research for the Prevention of Common Diseases with Environmental Causes?. Am J Epidemiol 161: 799-805 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ojha, R. P., Thertulien, R. (2005). Health Care Policy Issues as a Result of the Genetic Revolution: Implications for Public Health. AJPH 95: 385-388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Khoury, M. J, Millikan, R., Little, J., Gwinn, M. (2004). The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age. Int J Epidemiol 33: 936-944 [Full Text]  
• Keavney, B., Palmer, A., Parish, S., Clark, S., Youngman, L., Danesh, J., McKenzie, C., Delepine, M., Lathrop, M., Peto, R., Collins, R., for the International Studies of Infarct Survival, (2004). Lipid-related genes and myocardial infarction in 4685 cases and 3460 controls: discrepancies between genotype, blood lipid concentrations, and coronary disease risk. Int J Epidemiol 33: 1002-1013 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lebowitz, B. D. (2004). Clinical Trials in Late Life: New Science in Old Paradigms. Gerontologist 44: 452-458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Green, M. J., Peterson, S. K., Baker, M. W., Harper, G. R., Friedman, L. C., Rubinstein, W. S., Mauger, D. T. (2004). Effect of a Computer-Based Decision Aid on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Intentions About Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 292: 442-452 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Daly, M. B. (2004). Tailoring Breast Cancer Treatment to Genetic Status: The Challenges Ahead. JCO 22: 1776-1777 [Full Text]  
• Zee, R. Y.L., Cook, N. R., Cheng, S., Reynolds, R., Erlich, H. A., Lindpaintner, K., Ridker, P. M. (2004). Polymorphism in the P-selectin and interleukin-4 genes as determinants of stroke: a population-based, prospective genetic analysis. Hum Mol Genet 13: 389-396 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burke, W. (2003). Genomics as a Probe for Disease Biology. NEJM 349: 969-974 [Full Text]  
• Holmes, C. L., Russell, J. A., Walley, K. R. (2003). Genetic Polymorphisms in Sepsis and Septic Shock: Role in Prognosis and Potential for Therapy. Chest 124: 1103-1115 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Little, J., Khoury, M. J., Bradley, L., Clyne, M., Gwinn, M., Lin, B., Lindegren, M.-L., Yoon, P. (2003). The Human Genome Project Is Complete. How Do We Develop a Handle for the Pump?. Am J Epidemiol 157: 667-673 [Full Text]  
• Bane, A., Brown, L., Carter, J., Cote, C., Crider, K., de la Forest, S., Livingston, M., Montero, D. (2003). Life and death decisions: America's changing attitudes towards genetic engineering, genetic testing and abortion, 1972-98.. International Social Work 46: 209-219 [Abstract]  
• Gerling, I. C., Solomon, S. S., Bryer-Ash, M. (2003). Genomes, Transcriptomes, and Proteomes: Molecular Medicine and Its Impact on Medical Practice. Arch Intern Med 163: 190-198 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burke, W. (2002). Genetic Testing. NEJM 347: 1867-1875 [Full Text]  
• Gilchrist, D. M. (2002). Medical genetics: 3. An approach to the adult with a genetic disorder. CMAJ 167: 1021-1029 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burke, W., Austin, M. A. (2002). Genetic Risk in Context: Calculating the Penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 94: 1185-1187 [Full Text]  
• Khoury, M. J. (2002). Commentary: Epidemiology and the Continuum from Genetic Research to Genetic Testing. Am J Epidemiol 156: 297-299 [Full Text]  
• Robertson, J. A., Brody, B., Buchanan, A., Kahn, J., McPherson, E. (2002). Pharmacogenetic Challenges For The Health Care System. Health Aff (Millwood) 21: 155-167 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hall, W, Madden, P, Lynskey, M (2002). The genetics of tobacco use: methods, findings and policy implications. Tobacco Control 11: 119-124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Modell, S. M., Citrin, T. (2002). Ethics Instruction in an Issues-Oriented Course on Public Health Genetics. Health Educ Behav 29: 43-60 [Abstract]  
• Puzas, J. E., O'Keefe, R. J., Lieberman, J. R. (2002). The Orthopaedic Genome: What Does the Future Hold and Are We Ready?. JBJS 84: 133-141 [Full Text]  
• Phillips, K. A., Veenstra, D. L., Oren, E., Lee, J. K., Sadee, W. (2001). Potential Role of Pharmacogenomics in Reducing Adverse Drug Reactions: A Systematic Review. JAMA 286: 2270-2279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Collins, F. S., Guttmacher, A. E. (2001). Genetics Moves Into the Medical Mainstream. JAMA 286: 2322-2324 [Full Text]  
• Goldie, S. J., Levin, A. R. (2001). Genomics in Medicine and Public Health: Role of Cost-effectiveness Analysis. JAMA 286: 1637-1638 [Full Text]  
• Jorde, L.B., Watkins, W.S., Bamshad, M.J. (2001). Population genomics: a bridge from evolutionary history to genetic medicine. Hum Mol Genet 10: 2199-2207 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aitman, T. J (2001). Science, medicine, and the future: DNA microarrays in medical practice. BMJ 323: 611-615 [Full Text]  
• Williams, J. K., Tripp-Reimer, T. (2001). From Ecologyto Base Pairs: Nursing and Genetic Science. Biol Res Nurs 3: 4-12 [Abstract]  
• Kushner, R. F. (2001). A New Century: A New Beginning. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 25: 169-173  
• Zimmern, R., Emery, J., Richards, T. (2001). Putting genetics in perspective. BMJ 322: 1005-1006 [Full Text]  
• Sijbrands, E. J G, Westendorp, R. G J, Defesche, J. C, de Meier, P. H E M, Smelt, A. H M, Kastelein, J. J P, Kaprio, J. (2001). Mortality over two centuries in large pedigree with familial hypercholesterolaemia: family tree mortality study Commentary: Role of other genes and environment should not be overlooked in monogenic disease. BMJ 322: 1019-1023 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mathew, C. (2001). Science medicine and the future: Postgenomic technologies: hunting the genes for common disorders. BMJ 322: 1031-1034 [Full Text]  
• ST-AMAND, J., OKAMURA, K., MATSUMOTO, K., SHIMIZU, S., SOGAWA, Y. (2001). Characterization of control and immobilized skeletal muscle: an overview from genetic engineering. FASEB J. 15: 684-692 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lenfant, C. (2001). Cardiovascular Research : A Look Into Tomorrow. Circ. Res. 88: 253-255 [Full Text]  
• Collins, F. S., McKusick, V. A. (2001). Implications of the Human Genome Project for Medical Science. JAMA 285: 540-544 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Farrell, M. H., Certain, L. K., Farrell, P. M. (2001). Genetic Counseling and Risk Communication Services of Newborn Screening Programs. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 155: 120-126 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sherry, S. T., Ward, M.-H., Kholodov, M., Baker, J., Phan, L., Smigielski, E. M., Sirotkin, K. (2001). dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation. Nucleic Acids Res 29: 308-311 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ashburn, T. T., Wilson, S. K., Eisenstein, B. I. (2000). Human Tissue Research in the Genomic Era of Medicine: Balancing Individual and Societal Interests. Arch Intern Med 160: 3377-3384 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anderson, G., Read, C. Y., Monsen, R. B. (2000). Genetics, Nursing, and Public Policy: Setting an International Agenda. Policy Politics Nursing Practice 1: 245-255 [Abstract]  
• Roberts, R. (2000). A perspective: the new millennium dawns on a new paradigm for cardiology--molecular genetics. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 661-667 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miller, F. H., Miller, W. W. Jr. (2000). Lessons to be Learned From Harvard Pilgrim HMO's Fiscal Roller Coaster Ride. J Law Med Ethics 28: 287-304  
• Kranzler, H. R. (2000). Medications for Alcohol Dependence--New Vistas. JAMA 284: 1016-1017 [Full Text]  
• Holtzman, N. A., Marteau, T. M. (2000). Will Genetics Revolutionize Medicine?. NEJM 343: 141-144 [Full Text]  
• Cardon, L. R, Watkins, H. (2000). Waiting for the working draft from the human genome project. BMJ 320: 1223-1224 [Full Text]  
• Kaprio, J. (2000). Science, medicine, and the future: Genetic epidemiology. BMJ 320: 1257-1259 [Full Text]  
• Tarczy-Hornoch, P., Shannon, P., Baskin, P., Espeseth, M., Pagon, R. A. (2000). GeneClinics: A Hybrid Text/Data Electronic Publishing Model Using XML Applied to Clinical Genetic Testing. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 7: 267-276 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smigielski, E. M., Sirotkin, K., Ward, M., Sherry, S. T. (2000). dbSNP: a database of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nucleic Acids Res 28: 352-355 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• GEDDES, D M, ALTON, E W F W (1999). The CF gene: 10 years on. Thorax 54: 1052-1054 [Full Text]  
• Hernandez, A., Evers, B. M. (1999). Functional Genomics: Clinical Effect and the Evolving Role of the Surgeon. Arch Surg 134: 1209-1215 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Evans, W. E., Relling, M. V. (1999). Pharmacogenomics: Translating Functional Genomics into Rational Therapeutics. Science 286: 487-491 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Turner, S. T., Boerwinkle, E., Sing, C. F. (1999). Context-Dependent Associations of the ACE I/D Polymorphism With Blood Pressure. Hypertension 34: 773-778 [Abstract] [Full Text]