Occult gastrointestinal bleeding typically refers to bleedingthat is not apparent to the patient. The potential for occultbleeding is emphasized by the finding that for melena to beproduced consistently, 150 to 200 ml of blood must be presentin the stomach.1 Moreover, patients with gastroduodenal bloodloss of 100 ml per day may have stools that appear normal.2Thus, occult bleeding is usually identified only by tests thatdetect fecal blood or, if bleeding is sufficient, when it becomesmanifest as iron deficiency. Occult gastrointestinal bleedingcan also refer to bleeding that is clinically evident but froman . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Fecal Occult Blood
Fecal Occult-Blood Tests
Differential Diagnosis and Approach to Evaluation
Treatment and Outcome
Anemia Due to Iron Deficiency
Differential Diagnosis and Approach to Evaluation
Treatment and Outcome
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage of Obscure Origin
Differential Diagnosis and Approach to Evaluation
Treatment and Outcome
Source Information
From the Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Rockey at the Liver Center, Duke University Medical Center, Sands Bldg., Rm. 336, Research Dr., Box 3083, Durham, NC 27710, or at dcrockey@acpub.duke.edu.
Mullarky, I. K., Szaba, F. M., Berggren, K. N., Kummer, L. W., Wilhelm, L. B., Parent, M. A., Johnson, L. L., Smiley, S. T.
(2006). Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Gamma Interferon, but Not Hemorrhage or Pathogen Burden, Dictate Levels of Protective Fibrin Deposition during Infection. Infect. Immun.
74: 1181-1188
[Abstract][Full Text]
Niv, E., Elis, A., Zissin, R., Naftali, T., Novis, B., Lishner, M.
(2005). Iron deficiency anemia in patients without gastrointestinal symptoms--a prospective study. Fam Pract
22: 58-61
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mylonaki, M, Fritscher-Ravens, A, Swain, P
(2003). Wireless capsule endoscopy: a comparison with push enteroscopy in patients with gastroscopy and colonoscopy negative gastrointestinal bleeding. Gut
52: 1122-1126
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kajubi, S.
(2001). Prevention of Bleeding in Older Patients Taking Warfarin. ANN INTERN MED
135: 548-549
[Full Text]
Lenzo, N. P., Male, T. A., Turner, J. H.
(2001). Aortoenteric Fistula on 99mTc Erythrocyte Scintigraphy. Am. J. Roentgenol.
177: 477-478
[Full Text]
Navab, F., Yantiss, R. K.
(2001). Case 5-2001- A 52-Year-Old Man with Chronic Anemia and Sudden Severe Abdominal Pain. NEJM
344: 510-517
[Full Text]
Kajubi, S. K.
(2000). Additional Monitoring Tools to Improve the Quality of Anticoagulation Management. Arch Intern Med
160: 3006-3006
[Full Text]
Caride, V. J., Rockey, D. C.
(1999). Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding. NEJM
341: 1477-1478
[Full Text]