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Jaundice was recognized as a disease as long ago as the fifth century b.c., and its infectious nature was suspected as early as the eighth century a.d. Large epidemics of hepatitis, first reported in the Middle Ages, have continued to occur into the 20th century during times of war, famine, or other catastrophic events. In the 1930s and 1940s, the cause of hepatitis was established and two forms of the disease infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) and serum hepatitis (hepatitis B) were distinguished. It was, however, the discovery in the mid-1960s of an antigen specific to hepatitis B virus,
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