Anthrax is an often fatal bacterial infection that occurs whenBacillus anthracis endospores enter the body through abrasionsin the skin or by inhalation or ingestion.1 It is a zoonosisto which most mammals, especially grazing herbivores, are consideredsusceptible. Human infections result from contact with contaminatedanimals or animal products, and there are no known cases ofhuman-to-human transmission. Human anthrax is not common, andonly one of us has seen a case. Cutaneous anthrax, the mostcommon form, is usually curable. A small percentage of cutaneousinfections become systemic, and these can be fatal. Systemicinfection resulting from . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal and Oropharyngeal Anthrax
Inhalational Anthrax
Anthrax Meningitis
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Bacteriologic Tests
Serologic and Immunologic Tests
New Molecular Diagnostic Methods
Prevention and Treatment
Prophylaxis, Vaccination, and Decontamination
Treatment
Antibiotics
Potential New Treatments
Future Challenges
Source Information
From the Department of Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. (T.C.D., P.C.H.); the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (M.M.); the Department of Sociology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Mass. (J.G.); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (P.C.H.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Hanna at 1150 W Medical, 5641 MS II, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, or at dixont@umich.edu.
References
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Anthrax
Furmanski M., Hanna P. C., Dixon T. C.
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N Engl J Med 2000;
342:61-62, Jan 6, 2000.
Correspondence
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Cummings, R. T., Salowe, S. P., Cunningham, B. R., Wiltsie, J., Park, Y. W., Sonatore, L. M., Wisniewski, D., Douglas, C. M., Hermes, J. D., Scolnick, E. M.
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