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With the discovery of insulin in 1922, the study of diabetes was changed forever. From that time forward, it has been difficult to discuss the pathophysiology of diabetes without in some way referring to this critical metabolic hormone, which is a life-saving treatment in patients who lack it. The role of insulin in diabetes proved to be far more complex than its absence, however. Research over the past 60 years has gradually revealed that disease caused by resistance to insulin (type 2, or non-insulin-dependent, diabetes) is more prevalent than that due to the absence of insulin (type 1 diabetes). This
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