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Previous Volume 341:133 July 8, 1999 Number 2 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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By Ethan Watters and Richard Ofshe. 288 pp. New York, Scribner, 1999. $25. ISBN 0-684-83584-3.

The concept of an unconscious mind is an old one, going back to speculations in the 12th century and articulated clearly by a Professor W.B. Carpenter of London in his lectures 25 years before Freud ever wrote his papers on the topic. Without reading a scientific article on the subject, anyone who has made an embarrassing slip of the tongue is well aware that our minds function outside our awareness.

Freud's contribution was to use the knowledge of these forces in the treatment of psychological difficulties. His explorations did for our understanding of the mind what Spallanzani did for biology . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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