FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 341:498-511 August 12, 1999 Number 7 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF Purchase this article Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited Related Article by Dorn, J. PubMed Citation

Arteriosclerosis of the coronary and peripheral vasculature is the leading cause of death among men and women in the United States¹ and worldwide.² In 1992, for example, cardiovascular disease accounted for 38 percent of deaths from all causes among men and 42 percent of all deaths among women in Washington State³; nationwide, the mortality rate for cardiovascular disease is approximately 50 percent.⁴

Mechanisms of Atherogenesis

Central to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis is the deposition of cholesterol in the arterial wall.^5,6 Nearly all lipoproteins are involved in this process, including cholesterol carried by very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL),^7,8 remnant lipoprotein,⁸ and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), particularly . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Secondary Causes of Hyperlipidemia

Target Serum Lipoprotein Concentrations

Dietary Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

Statins

Lipid-Altering Effects

Absorption and Metabolism

Adverse Effects

Indications

Bile-Acid–Binding Resins

Lipid-Altering Effects

Adverse Effects

Indications

Nicotinic Acid

Lipid-Altering Effects

Adverse Effects

Indications

Fibrates

Lipid-Altering Effects

Adverse Effects

Indications

Other Therapies

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.

References

Related Letters:

Drug Treatment of Lipid Disorders
Dorn J., Naughton J., Galletti C., Broeders N., Knoop C., Abramowicz D., Knopp R. H.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 1999; 341:2020-2021, Dec 23, 1999. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Ali, F. Y., Armstrong, P. C.J., Dhanji, A.-R. A., Tucker, A. T., Paul-Clark, M. J., Mitchell, J. A., Warner, T. D. (2009). Antiplatelet Actions of Statins and Fibrates Are Mediated by PPARs. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 29: 706-711 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Haffey, T. A. (2009). How To Avoid A Heart Attack: Putting It All Together. JAOA: Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 109: S14-S20 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lund, S. S, Tarnow, L., Frandsen, M., Smidt, U. M, Pedersen, O., Parving, H.-H., Vaag, A. A (2008). Impact of metformin versus the prandial insulin secretagogue, repaglinide, on fasting and postprandial glucose and lipid responses in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 158: 35-46 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pedersen, B. K. (2007). State of the Art Reviews: Health Benefits Related to Exercise in Patients With Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 1: 289-298 [Abstract]  
• Choudhry, N. K, Levin, R., Winkelmayer, W. C (2007). Statins in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome: an analysis of dose and class effects in typical practice. Heart 93: 945-951 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Karanam, B., Madeira, M., Bradley, S., Wenning, L., Desai, R., Soli, E., Schenk, D., Jones, A., Dean, B., Doss, G., Garrett, G., Crumley, T., Nirula, A., Lai, E. (2007). Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of [14C]MK-0524, a Prostaglandin D2 Receptor Antagonist, in Humans. Drug Metab. Dispos. 35: 1196-1202 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kwan, B. C.H., Kronenberg, F., Beddhu, S., Cheung, A. K. (2007). Lipoprotein Metabolism and Lipid Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18: 1246-1261 [Full Text]  
• Dean, B. J., Chang, S., Elipe, M. V. S., Xia, Y.-Q., Braun, M., Soli, E., Zhao, Y., Franklin, R. B., Karanam, B. (2007). Metabolism of MK-0524, a Prostaglandin D2 Receptor 1 Antagonist, in Microsomes and Hepatocytes from Preclinical Species and Humans. Drug Metab. Dispos. 35: 283-292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Belay, B., Belamarich, P. F., Tom-Revzon, C. (2007). The Use of Statins in Pediatrics: Knowledge Base, Limitations, and Future Directions. Pediatrics 119: 370-380 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Franco, O. H, Steyerberg, E. W, Peeters, A., Bonneux, L. (2006). Effectiveness calculation in economic analysis: the case of statins for cardiovascular disease prevention.. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 60: 839-845 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Paramsothy, P., Knopp, R. (2006). Management of dyslipidaemias.. Heart 92: 1529-1534 [Full Text]  
• Levy, B. D. (2006). Myocardial 15-Epi-lipoxin A4 Generation Provides a New Mechanism for the Immunomodulatory Effects of Statins and Thiazolidinediones. Circulation 114: 873-875 [Full Text]  
• Joseph, A., Kothari, T., Venkatesh, S. (2006). Niacin toxicity: a rare presentation mimicking malignancy.. Age Ageing 35: 448-448 [Full Text]  
• Knopp, R. H., d'Emden, M., Smilde, J. G., Pocock, S. J., on behalf of the ASPEN Study Group, (2006). Efficacy and Safety of Atorvastatin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular End Points in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: The Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (ASPEN). Diabetes Care 29: 1478-1485 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Arora, R., Liebo, M., Maldonado, F. (2006). Statin-Induced Myopathy: The Two Faces of Janus. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 11: 105-112 [Abstract]  
• Ohashi, R., Mu, H., Wang, X., Yao, Q., Chen, C. (2005). Reverse cholesterol transport and cholesterol efflux in atherosclerosis. QJM 98: 845-856 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. G., Ding, G. L., Jiang, Q., Liu, X., Meng, H., Hozeska, A., Zhang, C., Li, L., Morris, D., Zhang, R. L., Lu, M., Chopp, M. (2005). Multitargeted Effects of Statin-Enhanced Thrombolytic Therapy for Stroke With Recombinant Human Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in the Rat. Circulation 112: 3486-3494 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Angerstein, R. L., Lemberg, L., Keller, K. B. (2005). LETTERS TO THE EDITORS. Am J Crit Care 14: 468-469 [Full Text]  
• Franco, O. H, Peeters, A., Looman, C. W N, Bonneux, L. (2005). Cost effectiveness of statins in coronary heart disease. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 59: 927-933 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tunaru, S., Lattig, J., Kero, J., Krause, G., Offermanns, S. (2005). Characterization of Determinants of Ligand Binding to the Nicotinic Acid Receptor GPR109A (HM74A/PUMA-G). Mol. Pharmacol. 68: 1271-1280 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koshman, S. L, Lalonde, L. D, Burton, I., Tymchak, W. J, Pearson, G. J (2005). Supratherapeutic Response to Ezetimibe Administered with Cyclosporine. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39: 1561-1565 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yamakuchi, M., Greer, J. J.M., Cameron, S. J., Matsushita, K., Morrell, C. N., Talbot-Fox, K., Baldwin, W. M. III, Lefer, D. J., Lowenstein, C. J. (2005). HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Inhibit Endothelial Exocytosis and Decrease Myocardial Infarct Size. Circ. Res. 96: 1185-1192 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Crooke, R. M., Graham, M. J., Lemonidis, K. M., Whipple, C. P., Koo, S., Perera, R. J. (2005). An apolipoprotein B antisense oligonucleotide lowers LDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mice without causing hepatic steatosis. J. Lipid Res. 46: 872-884 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhou, Z., Rahme, E., Abrahamowicz, M., Tu, J. V., Eisenberg, M. J., Humphries, K., Austin, P. C., Pilote, L. (2005). Effectiveness of statins for secondary prevention in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction: an evaluation of class effect. CMAJ 172: 1187-1194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mosca, L., Merz, N. B., Blumenthal, R. S., Cziraky, M. J., Fabunmi, R. P., Sarawate, C., Watson, K. E., Willey, V. J., Stanek, E. J. (2005). Opportunity for Intervention to Achieve American Heart Association Guidelines for Optimal Lipid Levels in High-Risk Women in a Managed Care Setting. Circulation 111: 488-493 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Metelitsina, T I, Grunwald, J E, DuPont, J C, Ying, G-S (2004). Effect of niacin on the choroidal circulation of patients with age related macular degeneration. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 88: 1568-1572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gorchakova, O., von Beckerath, N., Gawaz, M., Mocz, A., Joost, A., Schomig, A., Kastrati, A. (2004). Antiplatelet effects of a 600 mg loading dose of clopidogrel are not attenuated in patients receiving atorvastatin or simvastatin for at least 4 weeks prior to coronary artery stenting. Eur Heart J 25: 1898-1902 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Denke, M. A. (2004). Coadministration of Multidrug Therapy to Achieve Lipid Goals. JAOA: Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 104: 17S-22S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rees, A. (2004). Review: Ezetimibe -- clinical and pharmacological profile. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 4: 163-171 [Abstract]  
• Goldberg, A. C., Sapre, A., Liu, J., Capece, R., Mitchel, Y. B., Ezetimibe Study Group, (2004). Efficacy and Safety of Ezetimibe Coadministered With Simvastatin in Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 79: 620-629 [Abstract]  
• McKenney, J. (2004). New Perspectives on the Use of Niacin in the Treatment of Lipid Disorders. Arch Intern Med 164: 697-705 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Blanco-Colio, L. M., Martin-Ventura, J. L., Sol, J. M., Diaz, C., Hernandez, G., Egido, J. (2004). Decreased circulating Fas ligand in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia or carotid atherosclerosis: Normalization by atorvastatin. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 1188-1194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miller, L. J, Chacko, R. (2004). The Role of Cholesterol and Statins in Alzheimer's Disease. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 38: 91-98 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koh, E. H., Kim, M.-S., Park, J.-Y., Kim, H. S., Youn, J.-Y., Park, H.-S., Youn, J. H., Lee, K.-U. (2003). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-{alpha} Activation Prevents Diabetes in OLETF Rats: Comparison With PPAR-{gamma} Activation. Diabetes 52: 2331-2337 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Friday, K. E. (2003). Aggressive Lipid Management for Cardiovascular Prevention: Evidence from Clinical Trials. Exp. Biol. Med. 228: 769-778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shaukat, A., Benekli, M., Vladutiu, G. D, Slack, J. L, Wetzler, M., Baer, M. R (2003). Simvastatin-Fluconazole Causing Rhabdomyolysis. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37: 1032-1035 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kreisberg, R. A., Oberman, A. (2003). Medical Management of Hyperlipidemia/Dyslipidemia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88: 2445-2461 [Full Text]  
• Ballantyne, C. M., Houri, J., Notarbartolo, A., Melani, L., Lipka, L. J., Suresh, R., Sun, S., LeBeaut, A. P., Sager, P. T., Veltri, E. P. (2003). Effect of Ezetimibe Coadministered With Atorvastatin in 628 Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. Circulation 107: 2409-2415 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Melani, L., Mills, R., Hassman, D., Lipetz, R., Lipka, L., LeBeaut, A., Suresh, R., Mukhopadhyay, P., Veltri, E., for the Ezetimibe Study Group, (2003). Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with pravastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Eur Heart J 24: 717-728 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smith, C. C., Bernstein, L. I., Davis, R. B., Rind, D. M., Shmerling, R. H. (2003). Screening for Statin-Related Toxicity: The Yield of Transaminase and Creatine Kinase Measurements in a Primary Care Setting. Arch Intern Med 163: 688-692 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ye, J.-M., Iglesias, M. A., Watson, D. G., Ellis, B., Wood, L., Jensen, P. B., Sorensen, R. V., Larsen, P. J., Cooney, G. J., Wassermann, K., Kraegen, E. W. (2003). PPARalpha /gamma ragaglitazar eliminates fatty liver and enhances insulin action in fat-fed rats in the absence of hepatomegaly. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284: E531-E540 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Davidson, M. H., McGarry, T., Bettis, R., Melani, L., Lipka, L. J., LeBeaut, A. P., Suresh, R., Sun, S., Veltri, E. P., Ezetimibe Study Group, (2002). Ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 2125-2134 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2002). References. Circulation 106: 3373-3421 [Full Text]  
• Huff, M. W., Telford, D. E., Edwards, J. Y., Burnett, J. R., Barrett, P. H. R., Rapp, S. R., Napawan, N., Keller, B. T. (2002). Inhibition of the Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter Reduces LDL Cholesterol and ApoB by Enhanced Plasma Clearance of LDL ApoB. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 22: 1884-1891 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fonarow, G. C (2002). Treating to goal: new strategies for initiating and optimizing lipid-lowering therapy in patients with atherosclerosis. Vasc Med 7: 187-194 [Abstract]  
• Hajjar, I., Schumpert, J., Hirth, V., Wieland, D., Eleazer, G. P. (2002). The Impact of the Use of Statins on the Prevalence of Dementia and the Progression of Cognitive Impairment. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57: M414-418 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gorelick, P. B. (2002). Stroke Prevention Therapy Beyond Antithrombotics: Unifying Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Implications for Therapy: An Invited Review. Stroke 33: 862-875 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fonseca, V., Kulkarni, K. (2002). Panel Discussion. The Diabetes Educator 28: 16-18  
• (2001). The Evaluation and Management of Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected Patients. AIDS Clin Care 2001: 6-6 [Full Text]  
• Braunstein, J. B., Cheng, A., Cohn, G., Aggarwal, M., Nass, C. M., Blumenthal, R. S. (2001). Lipid Disorders : Justification of Methods and Goals of Treatment. Chest 120: 979-988 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• HUNT, C. E. (2001). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Other Causes of Infant Mortality . Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Risk for Recurrence in Siblings. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 346-357 [Full Text]  
• Shepherd, J. (2001). The role of the exogenous pathway in hypercholesterolaemia. Eur Heart J Suppl 3: E2-E5 [Abstract]  
• Catapano, A.L (2001). Ezetimibe: a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. Eur Heart J Suppl 3: E6-E10 [Abstract]  
• Stein, E (2001). Results of phase I/II clinical trials with ezetimibe, a novel selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Eur Heart J Suppl 3: E11-E16 [Abstract]  
• Leitersdorf, E. (2001). Cholesterol absorption inhibition: filling an unmet need in lipid-lowering management. Eur Heart J Suppl 3: E17-E23 [Abstract]  
• Duvic, M., Hymes, K., Heald, P., Breneman, D., Martin, A. G., Myskowski, P., Crowley, C., Yocum, R. C. (2001). Bexarotene Is Effective and Safe for Treatment of Refractory Advanced-Stage Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Multinational Phase II-III Trial Results. JCO 19: 2456-2471 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2001). Statin therapy - what now?. DTB 39: 17-21 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shepherd, J (2001). The statin era: in search of the ideal lipid regulating agent. Heart 85: 259-264 [Full Text]  
• Ye, J.-M., Doyle, P. J., Iglesias, M. A., Watson, D. G., Cooney, G. J., Kraegen, E. W. (2001). Peroxisome Proliferator--Activated Receptor (PPAR)-{alpha} Activation Lowers Muscle Lipids and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in High Fat--Fed Rats: Comparison With PPAR-{gamma} Activation. Diabetes 50: 411-417 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kanmaz, T. J., Lee, N. J. (2000). Significant Toxicities Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 13: 457-474 [Abstract]  
• Hope, H. R., Heuvelman, D., Duffin, K., Smith, C., Zablocki, J., Schilling, R., Hegde, S., Lee, L., Witherbee, B., Baganoff, M., Bruce, C., Tall, A. R., Krul, E., Glenn, K., Connolly, D. T. (2000). Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein by substituted dithiobisnicotinic acid dimethyl ester: involvement of a critical cysteine. J. Lipid Res. 41: 1604-1614 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Laufs, U., Gertz, K., Huang, P., Nickenig, G., Bohm, M., Dirnagl, U., Endres, M., Vaughan, C. J. (2000). Atorvastatin Upregulates Type III Nitric Oxide Synthase in Thrombocytes, Decreases Platelet Activation, and Protects From Cerebral Ischemia in Normocholesterolemic Mice Editorial Comment. Stroke 31: 2442-2449 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elam, M. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Davis, K. B., Garg, R., Johnson, C., Egan, D., Kostis, J. B., Sheps, D. S., Brinton, E. A., for the ADMIT Investigators, (2000). Effect of Niacin on Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels and Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease: The ADMIT Study: A Randomized Trial. JAMA 284: 1263-1270 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rittershaus, C. W., Miller, D. P., Thomas, L. J., Picard, M. D., Honan, C. M., Emmett, C. D., Pettey, C. L., Adari, H., Hammond, R. A., Beattie, D. T., Callow, A. D., Marsh, H. C., Ryan, U. S. (2000). Vaccine-Induced Antibodies Inhibit CETP Activity In Vivo and Reduce Aortic Lesions in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 2106-2112 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dessein, P H, Shipton, E A, Stanwix, A E, Joffe, B I, Ramokgadi, J (2000). Beneficial effects of weight loss associated with moderate calorie/carbohydrate restriction, and increased proportional intake of protein and unsaturated fat on serum urate and lipoprotein levels in gout: a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 59: 539-543 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oberman, A. (2000). Hypertriglyceridemia and Coronary Heart Disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85: 2098-2105 [Full Text]  
• Walden, C. E., Retzlaff, B. M., Buck, B. L., Wallick, S., McCann, B. S., Knopp, R. H. (2000). Differential Effect of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step II Diet on HDL Cholesterol, Its Subfractions, and Apoprotein A-I Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Women and Men After 1 Year : The beFIT Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 1580-1587 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dorn, J., Naughton, J., Galletti, C., Broeders, N., Knoop, C., Abramowicz, D., Knopp, R. H. (1999). Drug Treatment of Lipid Disorders. NEJM 341: 2020-2021 [Full Text]