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Interferons have proved therapeutically effective for the control and sometimes cure of viral infections, cancer, chronic infections in immunodeficiency, and multiple sclerosis. Because they were the first previously unavailable proteins with clinical and economic importance to be produced by recombinant DNA technology, interferons contributed critically to the growth of the biotechnology industry. On the molecular and cellular levels, interferons, as an exemplary group of cytokines, have had a critical role in defining signal-transduction pathways, modulation of gene expression, and promiscuity of cellular actions of cytokines. The Story of Interferon, written by one of the principals in the clinical evolution of
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