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I recently picked up a copy of the two-volume, multiauthored American Handbook of Psychiatry (Silvano Arieti, ed. New York, Basic Books), published in 1959. Neurobiology was represented only in a few sections, notably in one entitled Organic Conditions, which included discussions of neurosyphilis, dementia, epilepsy, behavioral disorders after brain lesions, Huntington's disease, and mental retardation. The so-called functional disorders (schizophrenia, affective disorders, and anxiety disorders) were examined in great detail, but there was little regarding abnormalities of the brain. Many varieties of psychotherapy were referred to as primary methods of treatment. The list of "physical therapies" included insulin shock, convulsive
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