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Previous Volume 343:1236-1248 October 26, 2000 Number 17 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Robert Graves first identified the association of goiter, palpitations, and exophthalmos in 1835, although Caleb Parry had published details of a case 10 years earlier. The discovery of a thyroid-stimulating factor that was not thyrotropin in the serum of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism¹ was followed by the identification of this stimulator as an IgG antibody.² It is now clear that Graves' hyperthyroidism is caused by these thyroid-stimulating antibodies, which bind to and activate the thyrotropin receptor on thyroid cells.³ Graves' disease also affects the eyes (Graves' ophthalmopathy) and the skin (localized dermopathy or myxedema), but the causes of these less . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Pathogenesis

Autoimmunity to the Thyrotropin Receptor

The Role of Thyroid Cells

Ophthalmopathy and Dermopathy

Predisposing Factors

Genetic Factors

Environmental and Endogenous Factors

Epidemiologic Factors

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnostic Studies

Graves' Hyperthyroidism

Measurement of Thyrotropin-Receptor Antibodies in Serum

Ophthalmopathy

Natural History

Therapy

Antithyroid Drugs

Therapy with Radioactive Iodine

Thyroidectomy

Graves' Disease in Pregnancy

Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Conclusions

Source Information

From the University of Sheffield Division of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Weetman.

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