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Previous Volume 343:1467-1476 November 16, 2000 Number 20 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Cytokines are pleiotropic regulatory peptides that can be produced by virtually every nucleated cell in the body, including most types of liver cells.^1,2 The cytokine family consists of several subfamilies: the interleukins, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, interleukin-6 and related cytokines, interferons, chemokines such as interleukin-8, transforming growth factor ß, colony-stimulating factors, and others.

In most tissues, including the liver, constitutive production of cytokines is absent or minimal. However, as physiologic and pathologic stimuli activate cells, the production of these autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effector molecules increases, and they, in turn, orchestrate the tissue's response to the stimulus.^1,2 There . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Cytokines and Alcoholic Liver Disease

Clinical Aspects of Alcoholic Liver Disease

TNF- and the Normal Liver

TNF-–Initiated Death Signals and Hepatocyte Viability

Cytokine Studies in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease

TNF- and Alcoholic Liver Disease in Animals

Long-Term Alcohol Ingestion and Hepatocyte Vulnerability to TNF-

Cytokines and Obesity-Related Fatty Liver Diseases

Similarities between Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

Liver Disease in Genetically Obese Rats and Mice

TNF- and Progression from Steatohepatitis to Cirrhosis

Inhibition of TNF- and Treatment of Steatohepatitis

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (H.T.); and the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (A.M.D.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Tilg at the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, or at herbert.tilg@uibk.ac.at.

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