Complement is part of the innate immune system and underliesone of the main effector mechanisms of antibody-mediated immunity.It has three overarching physiologic activities (Table 1): defendingagainst pyogenic bacterial infection, bridging innate and adaptiveimmunity, and disposing of immune complexes and the productsof inflammatory injury. In this review, each of these activitieswill be placed in a clinical context.
View this table: [in this window]
[in a new window]
Table 1. The Three Main Physiologic Activities of the Complement System.
Complement was first identified as a heat-labile principle inserum that "complemented" antibodies in the killing of bacteria.We now know that complement is a system of . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Complement and the Defense against Infection
Pyogenic Infections
Complement Deficiency and Neisserial Infections
Mannose-Binding Lectin Deficiency
Complement and the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease
Abnormalities of Complement Regulation
Activation of C3
C3 Nephritic Factor
Factor H Deficiency
C1 Inhibitor Deficiency
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Source Information
From the Rheumatology Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Walport at the Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, or at m.walport@ic.ac.uk.
References
This article has been cited by other articles:
Torreira, E., Tortajada, A., Montes, T., Rodriguez de Cordoba, S., Llorca, O.
(2009). Coexistence of Closed and Open Conformations of Complement Factor B in the Alternative Pathway C3bB(Mg2+) Proconvertase. J. Immunol.
183: 7347-7351
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mayadas, T. N., Tsokos, G. C., Tsuboi, N.
(2009). Mechanisms of Immune Complex-Mediated Neutrophil Recruitment and Tissue Injury. Circulation
120: 2012-2024
[Full Text]
Fraser, D. A., Laust, A. K., Nelson, E. L., Tenner, A. J.
(2009). C1q Differentially Modulates Phagocytosis and Cytokine Responses during Ingestion of Apoptotic Cells by Human Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol.
183: 6175-6185
[Abstract][Full Text]
Busche, M. N., Pavlov, V., Takahashi, K., Stahl, G. L.
(2009). Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury is dependent on both IgM and mannose-binding lectin. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H1853-H1859
[Abstract][Full Text]
Noris, M., Remuzzi, G.
(2009). Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome. NEJM
361: 1676-1687
[Full Text]
Perkins, S. J., Okemefuna, A. I., Nan, R., Li, K., Bonner, A.
(2009). Constrained solution scattering modelling of human antibodies and complement proteins reveals novel biological insights. J R Soc Interface
6: S679-S696
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rogers, E. A., Abdunnur, S. V., McDowell, J. V., Marconi, R. T.
(2009). Comparative Analysis of the Properties and Ligand Binding Characteristics of CspZ, a Factor H Binding Protein, Derived from Borrelia burgdorferi Isolates of Human Origin. Infect. Immun.
77: 4396-4405
[Abstract][Full Text]
Leung, V. W.Y., Yun, S., Botto, M., Mason, J. C., Malik, T. H., Song, W., Paixao-Cavalcante, D., Pickering, M. C., Boyle, J. J., Haskard, D. O.
(2009). Decay-Accelerating Factor Suppresses Complement C3 Activation and Retards Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice. Am. J. Pathol.
175: 1757-1767
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roumenina, L. T., Jablonski, M., Hue, C., Blouin, J., Dimitrov, J. D., Dragon-Durey, M.-A., Cayla, M., Fridman, W. H., Macher, M.-A., Ribes, D., Moulonguet, L., Rostaing, L., Satchell, S. C., Mathieson, P. W., Sautes-Fridman, C., Loirat, C., Regnier, C. H., Halbwachs-Mecarelli, L., Fremeaux-Bacchi, V.
(2009). Hyperfunctional C3 convertase leads to complement deposition on endothelial cells and contributes to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Blood
114: 2837-2845
[Abstract][Full Text]
Heinen, S., Hartmann, A., Lauer, N., Wiehl, U., Dahse, H.-M., Schirmer, S., Gropp, K., Enghardt, T., Wallich, R., Halbich, S., Mihlan, M., Schlotzer-Schrehardt, U., Zipfel, P. F., Skerka, C.
(2009). Factor H-related protein 1 (CFHR-1) inhibits complement C5 convertase activity and terminal complex formation. Blood
114: 2439-2447
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lappegard, K. T., Christiansen, D., Pharo, A., Thorgersen, E. B., Hellerud, B. C., Lindstad, J., Nielsen, E. W., Bergseth, G., Fadnes, D., Abrahamsen, T. G., Hoiby, E. A., Schejbel, L., Garred, P., Lambris, J. D., Harboe, M., Mollnes, T. E.
(2009). Human genetic deficiencies reveal the roles of complement in the inflammatory network: Lessons from nature. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106: 15861-15866
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nakayama, Y., Kim, S.-I., Kim, E. H., Lambris, J. D., Sandor, M., Suresh, M.
(2009). C3 Promotes Expansion of CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells in a Listeria monocytogenes Infection. J. Immunol.
183: 2921-2931
[Abstract][Full Text]
Megyeri, M., Mako, V., Beinrohr, L., Doleschall, Z., Prohaszka, Z., Cervenak, L., Zavodszky, P., Gal, P.
(2009). Complement Protease MASP-1 Activates Human Endothelial Cells: PAR4 Activation Is a Link between Complement and Endothelial Function. J. Immunol.
183: 3409-3416
[Abstract][Full Text]
Plomp, J. J., Willison, H. J.
(2009). Pathophysiological actions of neuropathy-related anti-ganglioside antibodies at the neuromuscular junction. J. Physiol.
587: 3979-3999
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fang, C., Zhang, X., Miwa, T., Song, W.-C.
(2009). Complement promotes the development of inflammatory T-helper 17 cells through synergistic interaction with Toll-like receptor signaling and interleukin-6 production. Blood
114: 1005-1015
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dobo, J., Harmat, V., Beinrohr, L., Sebestyen, E., Zavodszky, P., Gal, P.
(2009). MASP-1, a Promiscuous Complement Protease: Structure of Its Catalytic Region Reveals the Basis of Its Broad Specificity. J. Immunol.
183: 1207-1214
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pawluczkowycz, A. W., Beurskens, F. J., Beum, P. V., Lindorfer, M. A., van de Winkel, J. G. J., Parren, P. W. H. I., Taylor, R. P.
(2009). Binding of Submaximal C1q Promotes Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) of B Cells Opsonized with Anti-CD20 mAbs Ofatumumab (OFA) or Rituximab (RTX): Considerably Higher Levels of CDC Are Induced by OFA than by RTX. J. Immunol.
183: 749-758
[Abstract][Full Text]
Munthe-Fog, L., Hummelshoj, T., Honore, C., Madsen, H. O., Permin, H., Garred, P.
(2009). Immunodeficiency Associated with FCN3 Mutation and Ficolin-3 Deficiency. NEJM
360: 2637-2644
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oku, K, Atsumi, T, Bohgaki, M, Amengual, O, Kataoka, H, Horita, T, Yasuda, S, Koike, T
(2009). Complement activation in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis
68: 1030-1035
[Abstract][Full Text]
Markiewski, M. M., DeAngelis, R. A., Strey, C. W., Foukas, P. G., Gerard, C., Gerard, N., Wetsel, R. A., Lambris, J. D.
(2009). The Regulation of Liver Cell Survival by Complement. J. Immunol.
182: 5412-5418
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rasmussen, T. B., Dalager, S., Andersen, N. H., Hansen, T. K., Nielsen-Kudsk, J. E.
(2009). Fatal giant cell myocarditis in a patient with multiple autoimmune disorders. BMJ Case Reports
2009: bcr0920080997-bcr0920080997
[Abstract][Full Text]
Katschke, K. J. Jr., Stawicki, S., Yin, J., Steffek, M., Xi, H., Sturgeon, L., Hass, P. E., Loyet, K. M., DeForge, L., Wu, Y., van Lookeren Campagne, M., Wiesmann, C.
(2009). Structural and Functional Analysis of a C3b-specific Antibody That Selectively Inhibits the Alternative Pathway of Complement. J. Biol. Chem.
284: 10473-10479
[Abstract][Full Text]
Baruah, P., Dumitriu, I. E., Malik, T. H., Cook, H. T., Dyson, J., Scott, D., Simpson, E., Botto, M.
(2009). C1q enhances IFN-{gamma} production by antigen-specific T cells via the CD40 costimulatory pathway on dendritic cells. Blood
113: 3485-3493
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pagano, M. B., Zhou, H.-f., Ennis, T. L., Wu, X., Lambris, J. D., Atkinson, J. P., Thompson, R. W., Hourcade, D. E., Pham, C. T.N.
(2009). Complement-Dependent Neutrophil Recruitment Is Critical for the Development of Elastase-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circulation
119: 1805-1813
[Abstract][Full Text]
Haiko, J., Suomalainen, M., Ojala, T., Lahteenmaki, K., Korhonen, T. K.
(2009). Invited review: Breaking barriers -- attack on innate immune defences by omptin surface proteases of enterobacterial pathogens. Innate Immunity
15: 67-80
[Abstract]
Miwa, T., Zhou, L., Kimura, Y., Kim, D., Bhandoola, A., Song, W.-C.
(2009). Complement-dependent T-cell lymphopenia caused by thymocyte deletion of the membrane complement regulator Crry. Blood
113: 2684-2694
[Abstract][Full Text]
Doi, H, Matsushita, T, Isobe, N, Matsuoka, T, Minohara, M, Ochi, H, Kira, J.
(2009). Hypercomplementemia at relapse in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody. Mult Scler
15: 304-310
[Abstract]
Thiel, S., Kolev, M., Degn, S., Steffensen, R., Hansen, A. G., Ruseva, M., Jensenius, J. C.
(2009). Polymorphisms in Mannan-Binding Lectin (MBL)-Associated Serine Protease 2 Affect Stability, Binding to MBL, and Enzymatic Activity. J. Immunol.
182: 2939-2947
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tang, Z., Lu, B., Hatch, E., Sacks, S. H., Sheerin, N. S.
(2009). C3a Mediates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Proteinuric Nephropathy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
20: 593-603
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pan, H., Shen, Z., Mukhopadhyay, P., Wang, H., Pacher, P., Qin, X., Gao, B.
(2009). Anaphylatoxin C5a contributes to the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
296: F496-F504
[Abstract][Full Text]
Thorgersen, E. B., Pharo, A., Haverson, K., Axelsen, A. K., Gaustad, P., Kotwal, G. J., Sfyroera, G., Mollnes, T. E.
(2009). Inhibition of Complement and CD14 Attenuates the Escherichia coli-Induced Inflammatory Response in Porcine Whole Blood. Infect. Immun.
77: 725-732
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stano, P., Williams, V., Villani, M., Cymbalyuk, E. S., Qureshi, A., Huang, Y., Morace, G., Luberto, C., Tomlinson, S., Del Poeta, M.
(2009). App1: An Antiphagocytic Protein That Binds to Complement Receptors 3 and 2. J. Immunol.
182: 84-91
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ziporen, L., Donin, N., Shmushkovich, T., Gross, A., Fishelson, Z.
(2009). Programmed Necrotic Cell Death Induced by Complement Involves a Bid-Dependent Pathway. J. Immunol.
182: 515-521
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, K., Anderson, K. J., Peng, Q., Noble, A., Lu, B., Kelly, A. P., Wang, N., Sacks, S. H., Zhou, W.
(2008). Cyclic AMP plays a critical role in C3a-receptor-mediated regulation of dendritic cells in antigen uptake and T-cell stimulation. Blood
112: 5084-5094
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gorgani, N. N., He, J. Q., Katschke, K. J. Jr., Helmy, K. Y., Xi, H., Steffek, M., Hass, P. E., van Lookeren Campagne, M.
(2008). Complement Receptor of the Ig Superfamily Enhances Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis in a Subpopulation of Tissue Resident Macrophages. J. Immunol.
181: 7902-7908
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yu, Y., Huang, H., Wang, Y., Yu, Y., Yuan, S., Huang, S., Pan, M., Feng, K., Xu, A.
(2008). A Novel C1q Family Member of Amphioxus Was Revealed to Have a Partial Function of Vertebrate C1q Molecule. J. Immunol.
181: 7024-7032
[Abstract][Full Text]
Inomata, Y., Tanihara, H., Tanito, M., Okuyama, H., Hoshino, Y., Kinumi, T., Kawaji, T., Kondo, N., Yodoi, J., Nakamura, H.
(2008). Suppression of Choroidal Neovascularization by Thioredoxin-1 via Interaction with Complement Factor H. IOVS
49: 5118-5125
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gaarkeuken, H., Siezenga, M. A., Zuidwijk, K., van Kooten, C., Rabelink, T. J., Daha, M. R., Berger, S. P.
(2008). Complement activation by tubular cells is mediated by properdin binding. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
295: F1397-F1403
[Abstract][Full Text]
Potempa, M., Potempa, J., Okroj, M., Popadiak, K., Eick, S., Nguyen, K.-A., Riesbeck, K., Blom, A. M.
(2008). Binding of Complement Inhibitor C4b-Binding Protein Contributes to Serum Resistance of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J. Immunol.
181: 5537-5544
[Abstract][Full Text]
Clay, C. D., Soni, S., Gunn, J. S., Schlesinger, L. S.
(2008). Evasion of Complement-Mediated Lysis and Complement C3 Deposition Are Regulated by Francisella tularensis Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen. J. Immunol.
181: 5568-5578
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liszewski, M. K., Bertram, P., Leung, M. K., Hauhart, R., Zhang, L., Atkinson, J. P.
(2008). Smallpox Inhibitor of Complement Enzymes (SPICE): Regulation of Complement Activation on Cells and Mechanism of Its Cellular Attachment. J. Immunol.
181: 4199-4207
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ramo, K., Cashman, S. M., Kumar-Singh, R.
(2008). Evaluation of Adenovirus-Delivered Human CD59 as a Potential Therapy for AMD in a Model of Human Membrane Attack Complex Formation on Murine RPE. IOVS
49: 4126-4136
[Abstract][Full Text]
Unsworth, D J
(2008). Complement deficiency and disease. J. Clin. Pathol.
61: 1013-1017
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhou, X., Hu, W., Qin, X.
(2008). The Role of Complement in the Mechanism of Action of Rituximab for B-Cell Lymphoma: Implications for Therapy. The Oncologist
13: 954-966
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schmidt, C. Q., Herbert, A. P., Kavanagh, D., Gandy, C., Fenton, C. J., Blaum, B. S., Lyon, M., Uhrin, D., Barlow, P. N.
(2008). A New Map of Glycosaminoglycan and C3b Binding Sites on Factor H. J. Immunol.
181: 2610-2619
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wu, X., Spitzer, D., Mao, D., Peng, S. L., Molina, H., Atkinson, J. P.
(2008). Membrane Protein Crry Maintains Homeostasis of the Complement System. J. Immunol.
181: 2732-2740
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kim, D. D., Miwa, T., Kimura, Y., Schwendener, R. A., van Lookeren Campagne, M., Song, W.-C.
(2008). Deficiency of decay-accelerating factor and complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y on murine platelets leads to complement-dependent clearance by the macrophage phagocytic receptor CRIg. Blood
112: 1109-1119
[Abstract][Full Text]
Upadhyay, A., Burman, J. D., Clark, E. A., Leung, E., Isenman, D. E., van den Elsen, J. M. H., Bagby, S.
(2008). Structure-Function Analysis of the C3 Binding Region of Staphylococcus aureus Immune Subversion Protein Sbi. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 22113-22120
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yuste, J., Sen, A., Truedsson, L., Jonsson, G., Tay, L.-S., Hyams, C., Baxendale, H. E., Goldblatt, F., Botto, M., Brown, J. S.
(2008). Impaired Opsonization with C3b and Phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sera from Subjects with Defects in the Classical Complement Pathway. Infect. Immun.
76: 3761-3770
[Abstract][Full Text]
Donev, R. M., Gray, L. C., Sivasankar, B., Hughes, T. R., van den Berg, C. W., Morgan, B. P.
(2008). Modulation of CD59 Expression by Restrictive Silencer Factor-Derived Peptides in Cancer Immunotherapy for Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res.
68: 5979-5987
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ben Nasr, A., Klimpel, G. R.
(2008). Subversion of complement activation at the bacterial surface promotes serum resistance and opsonophagocytosis of Francisella tularensis. J. Leukoc. Biol.
84: 77-85
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dechant, M., Weisner, W., Berger, S., Peipp, M., Beyer, T., Schneider-Merck, T., Lammerts van Bueren, J. J., Bleeker, W. K., Parren, P. W.H.I., van de Winkel, J. G.J., Valerius, T.
(2008). Complement-Dependent Tumor Cell Lysis Triggered by Combinations of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibodies. Cancer Res.
68: 4998-5003
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hallstrom, T., Zipfel, P. F., Blom, A. M., Lauer, N., Forsgren, A., Riesbeck, K.
(2008). Haemophilus influenzae Interacts with the Human Complement Inhibitor Factor H. J. Immunol.
181: 537-545
[Abstract][Full Text]
Beum, P. V., Lindorfer, M. A., Beurskens, F., Stukenberg, P. T., Lokhorst, H. M., Pawluczkowycz, A. W., Parren, P. W. H. I., van de Winkel, J. G. J., Taylor, R. P.
(2008). Complement Activation on B Lymphocytes Opsonized with Rituximab or Ofatumumab Produces Substantial Changes in Membrane Structure Preceding Cell Lysis. J. Immunol.
181: 822-832
[Abstract][Full Text]
Uria, M. J., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Chan, A., Exley, R. M., Gollan, B., Chan, H., Feavers, I., Yarwood, A., Abad, R., Borrow, R., Fleck, R. A., Mulloy, B., Vazquez, J. A., Tang, C. M.
(2008). A generic mechanism in Neisseria meningitidis for enhanced resistance against bactericidal antibodies. JEM
205: 1423-1434
[Abstract][Full Text]
Xu, W., Berger, S. P., Trouw, L. A., de Boer, H. C., Schlagwein, N., Mutsaers, C., Daha, M. R., van Kooten, C.
(2008). Properdin Binds to Late Apoptotic and Necrotic Cells Independently of C3b and Regulates Alternative Pathway Complement Activation. J. Immunol.
180: 7613-7621
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stahl, A.-l., Vaziri-Sani, F., Heinen, S., Kristoffersson, A.-C., Gydell, K.-H., Raafat, R., Gutierrez, A., Beringer, O., Zipfel, P. F., Karpman, D.
(2008). Factor H dysfunction in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome contributes to complement deposition on platelets and their activation. Blood
111: 5307-5315
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kinderlerer, A. R., Ali, F., Johns, M., Lidington, E. A., Leung, V., Boyle, J. J., Hamdulay, S. S., Evans, P. C., Haskard, D. O., Mason, J. C.
(2008). KLF2-dependent, Shear Stress-induced Expression of CD59: A NOVEL CYTOPROTECTIVE MECHANISM AGAINST COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED INJURY IN THE VASCULATURE. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 14636-14644
[Abstract][Full Text]
Girgis, N. M., DeHaven, B. C., Fan, X., Viner, K. M., Shamim, M., Isaacs, S. N.
(2008). Cell Surface Expression of the Vaccinia Virus Complement Control Protein Is Mediated by Interaction with the Viral A56 Protein and Protects Infected Cells from Complement Attack. J. Virol.
82: 4205-4214
[Abstract][Full Text]
Takahashi, M., Iwaki, D., Kanno, K., Ishida, Y., Xiong, J., Matsushita, M., Endo, Y., Miura, S., Ishii, N., Sugamura, K., Fujita, T.
(2008). Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL)-Associated Serine Protease (MASP)-1 Contributes to Activation of the Lectin Complement Pathway. J. Immunol.
180: 6132-6138
[Abstract][Full Text]
Brodsky, R. A.
(2008). Narrative Review: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: The Physiology of Complement-Related Hemolytic Anemia. ANN INTERN MED
148: 587-595
[Full Text]
Hocking, H. G., Herbert, A. P., Kavanagh, D., Soares, D. C., Ferreira, V. P., Pangburn, M. K., Uhrin, D., Barlow, P. N.
(2008). Structure of the N-terminal Region of Complement Factor H and Conformational Implications of Disease-linked Sequence Variations. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 9475-9487
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gomes, G. I., Nahn, E. P. Jr., Santos, R. K. R. G., Da Silva, W. D., Kipnis, T. L.
(2008). The Functional State of the Complement System in Leprosy. Am J Trop Med Hyg
78: 605-610
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuo, C.-F., Lin, Y.-S., Chuang, W.-J., Wu, J.-J., Tsao, N.
(2008). Degradation of Complement 3 by Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin B Inhibits Complement Activation and Neutrophil Opsonophagocytosis. Infect. Immun.
76: 1163-1169
[Abstract][Full Text]
Peng, Q., Li, K., Anderson, K., Farrar, C. A., Lu, B., Smith, R. A. G., Sacks, S. H., Zhou, W.
(2008). Local production and activation of complement up-regulates the allostimulatory function of dendritic cells through C3a-C3aR interaction. Blood
111: 2452-2461
[Abstract][Full Text]
Marcheix, B., Carrier, M., Martel, C., Cossette, M., Pellerin, M., Bouchard, D., Perrault, L. P.
(2008). Effect of Pericardial Blood Processing on Postoperative Inflammation and the Complement Pathways. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
85: 530-535
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kimura, Y., Miwa, T., Zhou, L., Song, W.-C.
(2008). Activator-specific requirement of properdin in the initiation and amplification of the alternative pathway complement. Blood
111: 732-740
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lewis, L. A., Ram, S., Prasad, A., Gulati, S., Getzlaff, S., Blom, A. M., Vogel, U., Rice, P. A.
(2008). Defining Targets for Complement Components C4b and C3b on the Pathogenic Neisseriae. Infect. Immun.
76: 339-350
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hammon, J. W.
(2008). Extracorporeal Circulation: The Response of Humoral and Cellular Elements of Blood to Extracorporeal Circulation. Card Surg Adult
3: 370-389
[Full Text]
Poltermann, S., Kunert, A., von der Heide, M., Eck, R., Hartmann, A., Zipfel, P. F.
(2007). Gpm1p Is a Factor H-, FHL-1-, and Plasminogen-binding Surface Protein of Candida albicans. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 37537-37544
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hinson, S. R., Pittock, S. J., Lucchinetti, C. F., Roemer, S. F., Fryer, J. P., Kryzer, T. J., Lennon, V. A.
(2007). Pathogenic potential of IgG binding to water channel extracellular domain in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology
69: 2221-2231
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roos, A., Daha, M. R., van Pelt, J., Berger, S. P.
(2007). Mannose-binding lectin and the kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant
22: 3370-3377
[Full Text]
Szeplaki, G., Varga, L., Laki, J., Dosa, E., Rugonfalvi-Kiss, S., Madsen, H. O., Prohaszka, Z., Kocsis, A., Gal, P., Szabo, A., Acsady, G., Karadi, I., Selmeci, L., Garred, P., Fust, G., Entz, L.
(2007). Low C1-Inhibitor Levels Predict Early Restenosis After Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
27: 2756-2762
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coffey, P. J., Gias, C., McDermott, C. J., Lundh, P., Pickering, M. C., Sethi, C., Bird, A., Fitzke, F. W., Maass, A., Chen, L. L., Holder, G. E., Luthert, P. J., Salt, T. E., Moss, S. E., Greenwood, J.
(2007). Complement factor H deficiency in aged mice causes retinal abnormalities and visual dysfunction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
104: 16651-16656
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fu, L., Garland, D., Yang, Z., Shukla, D., Rajendran, A., Pearson, E., Stone, E. M., Zhang, K., Pierce, E. A.
(2007). The R345W mutation in EFEMP1 is pathogenic and causes AMD-like deposits in mice. Hum Mol Genet
16: 2411-2422
[Abstract][Full Text]
Moskovich, O., Fishelson, Z.
(2007). Live Cell Imaging of Outward and Inward Vesiculation Induced by the Complement C5b-9 Complex. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 29977-29986
[Abstract][Full Text]
Janssen, B. J. C., Halff, E. F., Lambris, J. D., Gros, P.
(2007). Structure of Compstatin in Complex with Complement Component C3c Reveals a New Mechanism of Complement Inhibition. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 29241-29247
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jongerius, I., Kohl, J., Pandey, M. K., Ruyken, M., van Kessel, K. P.M., van Strijp, J. A.G., Rooijakkers, S. H.M.
(2007). Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules. JEM
204: 2461-2471
[Abstract][Full Text]
Trouw, L. A., Bengtsson, A. A., Gelderman, K. A., Dahlback, B., Sturfelt, G., Blom, A. M.
(2007). C4b-binding Protein and Factor H Compensate for the Loss of Membrane-bound Complement Inhibitors to Protect Apoptotic Cells against Excessive Complement Attack. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 28540-28548
[Abstract][Full Text]
Banda, N. K., Takahashi, K., Wood, A. K., Holers, V. M., Arend, W. P.
(2007). Pathogenic Complement Activation in Collagen Antibody- Induced Arthritis in Mice Requires Amplification by the Alternative Pathway. J. Immunol.
179: 4101-4109
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hadders, M. A., Beringer, D. X., Gros, P.
(2007). Structure of C8{alpha}-MACPF Reveals Mechanism of Membrane Attack in Complement Immune Defense. Science
317: 1552-1554
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rooijakkers, S. H. M., Milder, F. J., Bardoel, B. W., Ruyken, M., van Strijp, J. A. G., Gros, P.
(2007). Staphylococcal Complement Inhibitor: Structure and Active Sites. J. Immunol.
179: 2989-2998
[Abstract][Full Text]
Markiewski, M. M., Lambris, J. D.
(2007). The Role of Complement in Inflammatory Diseases From Behind the Scenes into the Spotlight. Am. J. Pathol.
171: 715-727
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yates, J. R.W., Sepp, T., Matharu, B. K., Khan, J. C., Thurlby, D. A., Shahid, H., Clayton, D. G., Hayward, C., Morgan, J., Wright, A. F., Armbrecht, A. M., Dhillon, B., Deary, I. J., Redmond, E., Bird, A. C., Moore, A. T., the Genetic Factors in AMD Study Group,
(2007). Complement C3 Variant and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. NEJM
357: 553-561
[Abstract][Full Text]
Griffin, R. S., Costigan, M., Brenner, G. J., Him Eddie Ma, C., Scholz, J., Moss, A., Allchorne, A. J., Stahl, G. L., Woolf, C. J.
(2007). Complement Induction in Spinal Cord Microglia Results in Anaphylatoxin C5a-Mediated Pain Hypersensitivity. J. Neurosci.
27: 8699-8708
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lenderink, A. M., Liegel, K., Ljubanovic, D., Coleman, K. E., Gilkeson, G. S., Holers, V. M., Thurman, J. M.
(2007). The alternative pathway of complement is activated in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of mice with adriamycin nephropathy. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
293: F555-F564
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhang, N., Truong-Tran, Q. A., Tancowny, B., Harris, K. E., Schleimer, R. P.
(2007). Glucocorticoids Enhance or Spare Innate Immunity: Effects in Airway Epithelium Are Mediated by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins. J. Immunol.
179: 578-589
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhang, X., Kimura, Y., Fang, C., Zhou, L., Sfyroera, G., Lambris, J. D., Wetsel, R. A., Miwa, T., Song, W.-C.
(2007). Regulation of Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory response by complement in vivo. Blood
110: 228-236
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jonsson, G., Sjoholm, A. G., Truedsson, L., Bengtsson, A. A., Braconier, J. H., Sturfelt, G.
(2007). Rheumatological manifestations, organ damage and autoimmunity in hereditary C2 deficiency. Rheumatology (Oxford)
46: 1133-1139
[Abstract][Full Text]
Herbert, A. P., Deakin, J. A., Schmidt, C. Q., Blaum, B. S., Egan, C., Ferreira, V. P., Pangburn, M. K., Lyon, M., Uhrin, D., Barlow, P. N.
(2007). Structure Shows That a Glycosaminoglycan and Protein Recognition Site in Factor H Is Perturbed by Age-related Macular Degeneration-linked Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 18960-18968
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nitsche-Schmitz, D. P., Johansson, H. M., Sastalla, I., Reissmann, S., Frick, I.-M., Chhatwal, G. S.
(2007). Group G Streptococcal IgG Binding Molecules FOG and Protein G Have Different Impacts on Opsonization by C1q. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 17530-17536
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Montfoort, N., de Jong, J. M. H., Schuurhuis, D. H., van der Voort, E. I. H., Camps, M. G. M., Huizinga, T. W. J., van Kooten, C., Daha, M. R., Verbeek, J. S., Ossendorp, F., Toes, R. E. M.
(2007). A Novel Role of Complement Factor C1q in Augmenting the Presentation of Antigen Captured in Immune Complexes to CD8+ T Lymphocytes. J. Immunol.
178: 7581-7586
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
