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Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in men, and in women it has surpassed even breast cancer. The primary cause of lung cancer in up to 90 percent of patients is smoking, and it is estimated that bronchiogenic carcinoma will develop in 10 to 15 percent of all smokers. Environmental factors for example, passive smoke, occupational exposure to asbestos or chromium, and air pollution as well as genetic predisposition in a multistep carcinogenic process may both play a part. Nevertheless, cessation of cigarette smoking is the most effective, most easily achievable, and least expensive intervention
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