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Correspondence
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Volume 344:307 January 25, 2001 Number 4
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Shortened Zidovudine Regimens to Prevent Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV-1

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To the Editor: In their study of simplified and less costly regimens of zidovudine to reduce mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Lallemant et al. (Oct. 5 issue)1 used an intention-to-treat analysis of the efficacy of the interventions. Intention-to-treat analyses are widely regarded as "conservative" because they tend to minimize differences among treatment groups and thus bias the results toward the conventional null effect of no difference between groups. However, because equivalency studies essentially flip the conventional null and alternative hypotheses, such a bias may produce a "false positive" outcome of equivalence when, in fact, one treatment is . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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