FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 346:752-763 March 7, 2002 Number 10 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text Purchase this article Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Antiphospholipid antibodies are a family of autoantibodies that exhibit a broad range of target specificities and affinities, all recognizing various combinations of phospholipids, phospholipid-binding proteins, or both. The term "antiphospholipid syndrome" was first coined to denote the clinical association between antiphospholipid antibodies and a syndrome of hypercoagulability.^1,2 Revision of the criteria for diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome and the terminology used to describe the disease is an ongoing process³ (Table 1).

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 1. International Consensus Statement on Preliminary Criteria for the Classification of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

 
Background

The first antiphospholipid antibody, a complement-fixing antibody that reacted with extracts from bovine hearts, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Detection of Clinically Relevant Antiphospholipid Antibodies

Pathogenesis

Criteria for Classification and Diagnosis

Epidemiology

Differential Diagnosis

Clinical Features

Pathological Features

Obstetrical Considerations

Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Treatment

Prophylaxis

Treatment after a Thrombotic Event

Source Information

From the Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago (J.S.L.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.W.B.); and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (J.R.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Rauch at the Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada, or at joyce.rauch@mcgill.ca.

References

Related Letters:

The Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Avcin T., Kveder T., Rozman B., Branch D. W., Levine J. S., Rauch J.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2002; 347:145-146, Jul 11, 2002. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Avcin, T, Cimaz, R, Rozman, B, The Ped-APS Registry Collaborative Group*, (2009). The Ped-APS Registry: the antiphospholipid syndrome in childhood. Lupus 18: 894-899 [Abstract]  
• Pericleous, C, Giles, I, Rahman, A (2009). Are endothelial microparticles potential markers of vascular dysfunction in the antiphospholipid syndrome?. Lupus 18: 671-675 [Abstract]  
• HOD, T., LAZAROV, A., EDELSTEIN, E., LEVY, Y. (2009). A Huge Pyoderma Gangrenosum-like Lesion as a Presenting Sign of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. The Journal of Rheumatology 36: 1557-1558 [Full Text]  
• Whitelaw, D., Spangenberg, J. (2009). An investigation in the possible effect of chronic headache on neuropsychological function in aCL-negative patients with SLE. Lupus 18: 613-617 [Abstract]  
• DANOWSKI, A., de AZEVEDO, M. N. L., de SOUZA PAPI, J. A., PETRI, M. (2009). Determinants of Risk for Venous and Arterial Thrombosis in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome and in Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The Journal of Rheumatology 36: 1195-1199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cianci, R., Gigante, A., Barbano, B., Zaccaria, A., Polidori, L., Borghesi, F., Gasperini, L., Di Donato, D., Amoroso, A. (2009). Multiple steno-obstructive vascular lesions and femoral superficial artery dissection in a young Caucasian male with antiphospholipid syndrome. BMJ Case Reports 2009: bcr1220081342-bcr1220081342 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peerschke, E., Yin, W, Alpert, D., Roubey, R., Salmon, J., Ghebrehiwet, B (2009). Serum complement activation on heterologous platelets is associated with arterial thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus 18: 530-538 [Abstract]  
• Cura, M., Haskal, Z., Lopera, J. (2009). Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology for Budd-Chiari Syndrome1. RadioGraphics 29: 669-681 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Debiais, S., Bonnaud, I., Ferreira-Maldent, N., Mercier, E., de Toffol, B. (2009). NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS REVEALING PRIMARY ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME IN AN ELDERLY PATIENT. Neurology 72: 1362-1363 [Full Text]  
• Akilesh, S., Jendrisak, M., Zhang, L., Lewis, J. S. Jr, Liapis, H. (2009). Acute renal allograft thrombosis in 'seronegative' antiphospholipid syndrome. NDT Plus 2: 181-182 [Full Text]  
• Jervis, K., Senthilnathan, V., Lerner, A. B. (2009). Management of a Patient with Lupus Anticoagulant and Antiphospholipid Syndrome for Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using the Hepcon(R) System. Anesth. Analg. 108: 1116-1119 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• MICKELSON, D., MADY, E. N., TENG, K. (2009). A 43-year-old woman with chest pressure. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 76: 191-198 [Full Text]  
• Wesemann, D., Costenbader, K., Coblyn, J. (2009). Co-existing sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Case Reports and Discussion from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Lupus Center. Lupus 18: 202-205 [Abstract]  
• Mecacci, F., Bianchi, B., Pieralli, A., Mangani, B., Moretti, A., Cioni, R., Giorgi, L., Mello, G., Matucci-Cerinic, M. (2009). Pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by anti-phospholipid antibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 48: 246-249 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bedard, E., Dimopoulos, K., Gatzoulis, M. A. (2009). Has there been any progress made on pregnancy outcomes among women with pulmonary arterial hypertension?. Eur Heart J 30: 256-265 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sakamoto, S., Akutsu, K., Kawase, K., Takada, T., Seyama, H., Takahashi, J., Miyamoto, S., Nonogi, H., Takeshita, S. (2009). Simultaneous Presentations of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis in a Case of Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. ANGIOLOGY 59: 765-768 [Abstract]  
• Salsano, E, Chiapparini, L, Finocchiaro, G, Pareyson, D, Savoiardo, M (2008). Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with calcifications associated with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 79: 1215-1217 [Full Text]  
• Nelson, S. M., Greer, I. A. (2008). The potential role of heparin in assisted conception. Hum Reprod Update 14: 623-645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bellver, J., Soares, S. R. (2008). Reply: Thrombophilic screening in clinical practice should be evidence-based. Hum Reprod 23: 2610-2611 [Full Text]  
• Avcin, T., Cimaz, R., Silverman, E. D., Cervera, R., Gattorno, M., Garay, S., Berkun, Y., Sztajnbok, F. R., Silva, C. A., Campos, L. M., Saad-Magalhaes, C., Rigante, D., Ravelli, A., Martini, A., Rozman, B., Meroni, P. L. (2008). Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Clinical and Immunologic Features of 121 Patients in an International Registry. Pediatrics 122: e1100-e1107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Forastiero, R, Martinuzzo, M (2008). Prothrombotic mechanisms based on the impairment of fibrinolysis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 17: 872-877 [Abstract]  
• Lee, J. S.-S., Kossard, S., McGrath, M. A. (2008). Lymphocytic Thrombophilic Arteritis: A Newly Described Medium-Sized Vessel Arteritis of the Skin. Arch Dermatol 144: 1175-1182 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Canpolat, N., Topal, N., Civilibal, M., Caliskan, S., Sever, L., Kasapcopur, O., Baserer, T., Arisoy, N. (2008). A Case of Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome in an Adolescent Girl With Parvovirus B19 Infection. CLIN PEDIATR 47: 593-597 [Abstract]  
• Piccoli, G. B., Colla, L., Marengo, M., Gallo, E., Magnano, A., Picciotto, G., Rabbia, C. (2008). Angioplasty of the renal artery as a trigger for acute anti-phospholipid syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 2435-2436 [Full Text]  
• Kittisupamongkol, W. (2008). The hidden anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. QJM 101: 591-591 [Full Text]  
• Jimenez, S, Tassies, D, Espinosa, G, Garcia-Criado, A, Plaza, J, Monteagudo, J, Cervera, R, Reverter, J C (2008). Double heterozygosity polymorphisms for platelet glycoproteins Ia/IIa and IIb/IIIa increases arterial thrombosis and arteriosclerosis in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome or with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 835-840 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Horner, K. E., Phillips, B. B., Newkirk, E., McDanel, D. L., Kaboli, P. (2008). Evaluation of anticoagulation in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Health Syst Pharm 65: 964-967 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lockshin, M., Derksen, R. (2008). New developments in lupus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 17: 443-446 [Abstract]  
• Gorki, H., Malinovski, V., Stanbridge, R. D.L. (2008). The antiphospholipid syndrome and heart valve surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 33: 168-181 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Albert, M. A., Halevy, N., Antman, E. M. (2008). Preoperative Evaluation for Cardiac Surgery. Card Surg Adult 3: 261-280 [Full Text]  
• Lonnebakken, M. T., Gerdts, E. (2008). Libman-Sacks endocarditis and cerebral embolization in antiphospholipid syndrome. Eur J Echocardiogr 9: 192-193 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ageno, W., Becattini, C., Brighton, T., Selby, R., Kamphuisen, P. W. (2008). Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Venous Thromboembolism: A Meta-Analysis. Circulation 117: 93-102 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rose, A., Sajkov, D. (2007). A 29-Year-Old Man With Pulmonary Complications of a Thrombotic Disorder. Chest 132: 2008-2011 [Full Text]  
• Yamamoto, H., Iwade, T., Nakano, R., Mohri, M., Amari, Y., Noma, M. (2007). Numerous Small Vegetations Revealing Libman-Sacks Endocarditis in Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Circulation 116: e531-e535 [Full Text]  
• Uthman, I., Khamashta, M. (2007). The abdominal manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46: 1641-1647 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• de Souza, A.W.S., Silva, N.P., de Carvalho, J.F., D'Almeida, V., Noguti, M.A.E., Sato, E.I. (2007). Impact of hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia on arterial thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 16: 782-787 [Abstract]  
• Martinez-Berriotxoa, A., Ruiz-Irastorza, G., Egurbide, M.-V., Garmendia, M., Gabriel Erdozain, J., Villar, I., Aguirre, C. (2007). Transiently positive anticardiolipin antibodies and risk of thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 16: 810-816 [Abstract]  
• Drijkoningen, J., Damoiseaux, J., van Paassen, P., Tervaert, J. W. C. (2007). Clinical manifestations of the anti-phospholipid syndrome as defined by the updated Sapporo classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 66: 1407-1408 [Full Text]  
• Diz-Kucukkaya, R., Inanc, M., Afshar-Kharghan, V., Zhang, Q E., Lopez, J. A, Pekcelen, Y. (2007). P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 VNTR polymorphisms and risk of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 66: 1378-1380 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Perricone, C., De Carolis, C., Giacomelli, R., Zaccari, G., Cipriani, P., Bizzi, E., Perricone, R. (2007). High levels of NK cells in the peripheral blood of patients affected with anti-phospholipid syndrome and recurrent spontaneous abortion: a potential new hypothesis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46: 1574-1578 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stone, M. E., Silverman, S. H., Nomoto, K. (2007). Intracardiac Thrombosis and Acute Right Ventricular Failure Following Complex Reoperative Cardiac Surgery With Aprotinin and Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest. SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTH 11: 177-184 [Abstract]  
• Caccavo, D., Pellegrino, N.M., Lorusso, F., Capotorto, M., Vacca, M., Vimercati, A., Depalo, R. (2007). Anticardiolipin antibody levels in women undergoing first in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 22: 2494-2500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cole, A. J., Henson, J. W., Roehrl, M. H.A., Frosch, M. P. (2007). Case 24-2007 -- A 20-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Altered Mental Status. NEJM 357: 589-600 [Full Text]  
• Avcin, T., Silverman, E. (2007). Review: Antiphospholipid antibodies in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 16: 627-633 [Abstract]  
• Blank, M., Anafi, L., Zandman-Goddard, G., Krause, I., Goldman, S., Shalev, E., Cervera, R., Font, J., Fridkin, M., Thiesen, H.-J., Shoenfeld, Y. (2007). The efficacy of specific IVIG anti-idiotypic antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): trophoblast invasiveness and APS animal model. Int Immunol 19: 857-865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vancheri, F., Dovico, R., Croce, E., Di Falco, G. (2007). Hepatic artery aneurysm rupture in a woman with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 16: 355-357 [Abstract]  
• Al-Ansari, M. A. (2007). A 51-Year-Old Woman With Blanched Skin, Coagulopathy, Abdominal Pain, and Cardiopulmonary Failure. Chest 131: 1603-1607 [Full Text]  
• Chen, X.-X., Gu, Y.-Y., Li, S.-J., Qian, J., Hwang, K.-K., Chen, P. P., Chen, S.-L., Yang, C.-D. (2007). Some Plasmin-Induced Antibodies Bind to Cardiolipin, Display Lupus Anticoagulant Activity and Induce Fetal Loss in Mice. J. Immunol. 178: 5351-5356 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Krause, I, Leibovici, L, Blank, M, Shoenfeld, Y (2007). Clusters of disease manifestations in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome demonstrated by factor analysis. Lupus 16: 176-180 [Abstract]  
• Di Simone, N., Meroni, P.L., D'Asta, M., Di Nicuolo, F., D'Alessio, M.C., Caruso, A. (2007). Pathogenic role of anti-{beta}2-glycoprotein I antibodies on human placenta: functional effects related to implantation and roles of heparin. Hum Reprod Update 13: 189-196 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• de Laat, B., Wu, X.-X., van Lummel, M., Derksen, R. H. W. M., de Groot, P. G., Rand, J. H. (2007). Correlation between antiphospholipid antibodies that recognize domain I of {beta}2-glycoprotein I and a reduction in the anticoagulant activity of annexin A5. Blood 109: 1490-1494 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Martinez de la Torre, Y., Buracchi, C., Borroni, E. M., Dupor, J., Bonecchi, R., Nebuloni, M., Pasqualini, F., Doni, A., Lauri, E., Agostinis, C., Bulla, R., Cook, D. N., Haribabu, B., Meroni, P., Rukavina, D., Vago, L., Tedesco, F., Vecchi, A., Lira, S. A., Locati, M., Mantovani, A. (2007). Protection against inflammation- and autoantibody-caused fetal loss by the chemokine decoy receptor D6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 2319-2324 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Martin-Toutain, I, Piette, J., Diemert, M., Faucher, C, Jobic, L, Ankri, A (2007). Hgh prevalence of antibodies to platelet factor 4 heparin in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies in absence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Lupus 16: 79-83 [Abstract]  
• Schwartz, N, Shoenfeld, Y, Barzilai, O, Cervera, R, Font, J, Blank, M, Yacobi, S, Patlas, N, Cohen, A, Mevorach, D, Ornoy, A (2007). Reduced placental growth and hCG secretion in vitro induced by antiphospholipid antibodies but not by anti-Ro or anti-La: studies on sera from women with SLE/PAPS. Lupus 16: 110-120 [Abstract]  
• Parikh, T., Shifteh, K., Lipton, M.L., Bello, J.A., Brook, A.L. (2007). Deep Brain Reversible Encephalopathy: Association with Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 28: 76-78 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cacciapaglia, F, Vadacca, M, Coppolino, G, Buzzulini, F, Rigon, A, Zennaro, D, Zardi, E, Afeltra, A (2007). Spontaneous splenorenal shunt in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome: the first case reported. Lupus 16: 56-58 [Abstract]  
• Ulander, V-M, Stefanovic, V, Rinta-Kiikka, I, Kaaja, R (2006). Pregnancy-associated recurrent liver necrosis in patient with antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 15: 889-891 [Abstract]  
• Vagiakou, E. A., Voudris, K. A., Dimitriou, Y., Skardoutsou, A., Mastroyianni, S. (2006). Different Additional Risk Factors for Cerebral Infarctions Associated With the Factor V Leiden Mutation in a Family. J Child Neurol 21: 903-907 [Abstract]  
• Petravic, D, Habek, M, Supe, S, Brinar, V V (2006). Recurrent optic neuromyelitis with endocrinopathies: a new syndrome or just a coincidence?. Mult Scler 12: 670-673 [Abstract]  
• Neville, C., Rauch, J., Kassis, J., Solymoss, S., Joseph, L., Belisle, P., Subang, R., Chang, E. R., Fortin, P. R. (2006). The persistence of anticardiolipin antibodies is associated with an increased risk of the presence of lupus anticoagulant and anti-{beta}2-glycoprotein I antibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45: 1116-1120 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rottem, M, Krause, I, Fraser, A, Stojanovich, L, Rovensky, J, Shoenfeld, Y (2006). Autoimmune Hemolytic Anaemia in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Lupus 15: 473-477 [Abstract]  
• Hung, J., Wood, C. A., Woronik, V., Vieira, J. M. Jr, Barros, R. T. (2006). Protein-losing gastroenteropathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome simulating nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 2027-2028 [Full Text]  
• Blank, M., Krause, I., Magrini, L., Spina, G., Kalil, J., Jacobsen, S., Thiesen, H. J., Cunningham, M. W., Guilherme, L., Shoenfeld, Y. (2006). Overlapping humoral autoimmunity links rheumatic fever and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45: 833-841 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cesarman-Maus, G., Rios-Luna, N. P., Deora, A. B., Huang, B., Villa, R., Cravioto, M. d. C., Alarcon-Segovia, D., Sanchez-Guerrero, J., Hajjar, K. A. (2006). Autoantibodies against the fibrinolytic receptor, annexin 2, in antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood 107: 4375-4382 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, W.-H., Lui, C.-C., Chen, C.-J., Liu, J.-S. (2006). An Increase of Anticardiolipin Antibody in Association with Stroke and Chronic Chemical Exposure. CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 12: 231-235 [Abstract]  
• Zammiti, W., Mtiraoui, N., Kallel, C., Mercier, E., Almawi, W. Y, Mahjoub, T. (2006). A case-control study on the association of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss with autoantibodies against {beta}2-glycoprotein I and annexin V.. Reproduction 131: 817-822 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Paran, D, Chapman, J, Korczyn, A D, Elkayam, O, Hilkevich, O, Groozman, G B, Levartovsky, D, Litinsky, I, Caspi, D, Segev, Y, Drory, V E (2006). Evoked potential studies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: differential diagnosis from multiple sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 65: 525-528 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bertolaccini, M L, Khamashta, M A (2006). Laboratory diagnosis and management challenges in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 15: 172-178 [Abstract]  
• de Laat, B., Derksen, R. H. W. M., van Lummel, M., Pennings, M. T. T., de Groot, P. G. (2006). Pathogenic anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies recognize domain I of beta2-glycoprotein I only after a conformational change. Blood 107: 1916-1924 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schneppenheim, R., Greiner, J. (2006). Thrombosis in Infants and Children. ASH Education Book 2006: 86-96 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ananth, C. V., Liu, S., Kinzler, W. L., Kramer, M. S. (2005). Stillbirths in the United States, 1981-2000: An Age, Period, and Cohort Analysis. AJPH 95: 2213-2217 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Castro, I, Rios, J J, Iniesta, N, Perez, I, Robles, A, Gil, A (2005). Letter to the Editor. Lupus 14: 979-980  
• Buttari, B., Profumo, E., Mattei, V., Siracusano, A., Ortona, E., Margutti, P., Salvati, B., Sorice, M., Rigano, R. (2005). Oxidized {beta}2-glycoprotein I induces human dendritic cell maturation and promotes a T helper type 1 response. Blood 106: 3880-3887 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Navarrete, N, Macias, P, Jaen, F, Hidalgo, C, Caliz, R, Jimenez-Alonso, J (2005). Two cases of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 14: 907-909 [Abstract]  
• Farquharson, R. G., Jauniaux, E., Exalto, N., on behalf of the ESHRE Special Interest Group for, (2005). Updated and revised nomenclature for description of early pregnancy events. Hum Reprod 20: 3008-3011 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bertolaccini, M L, Gomez, S, Pareja, J F P, Theodoridou, A, Sanna, G, Hughes, G R V, Khamashta, M A (2005). Antiphospholipid antibody tests: spreading the net. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 1639-1643 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Presotto, F., Fornasini, F., Betterle, C., Federspil, G., Rossato, M. (2005). Acute adrenal failure as the heralding symptom of primary antiphospholipid syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. Eur J Endocrinol 153: 507-514 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Krause, I, Lev, S, Fraser, A, Blank, M, Lorber, M, Stojanovich, L, Rovensky, J, Chapman, J, Shoenfeld, Y (2005). Close association between valvar heart disease and central nervous system manifestations in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 1490-1493 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fischetti, F., Durigutto, P., Pellis, V., Debeus, A., Macor, P., Bulla, R., Bossi, F., Ziller, F., Sblattero, D., Meroni, P., Tedesco, F. (2005). Thrombus formation induced by antibodies to {beta}2-glycoprotein I is complement dependent and requires a priming factor. Blood 106: 2340-2346 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tenedios, F, Erkan, D, Lockshin, M D (2005). Cardiac involvement in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 14: 691-696 [Abstract]  
• Safa, O., Esmon, C. T., Esmon, N. L. (2005). Inhibition of APC anticoagulant activity on oxidized phospholipid by anti-{beta}2-glycoprotein I monoclonal antibodies. Blood 106: 1629-1635 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Massoudy, P., Cetin, S. M., Thielmann, M., Kienbaum, P., Piotrowski, J. A., Marggraf, G., Specker, C., Jakob, H. (2005). Antiphospholipid syndrome in cardiac surgery--an underestimated coagulation disorder?. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 28: 133-137 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vasoo, S, Sangle, S, Zain, M, D'Cruz, D, Hughes, G (2005). Orthopaedic manifestations of the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome. Lupus 14: 339-345 [Abstract]  
• Gaburri, P D, Chebli, J M F, Attalla, A, Pereira, C M N, Bonfante, H L, Martins Junior, E V, Gaburri, A K (2005). Colonic ulcers in propylthiouracil induced vasculitis with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. Postgrad. Med. J. 81: 338-340 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Andreotti, F., Becker, R. C. (2005). Atherothrombotic Disorders: New Insights From Hematology. Circulation 111: 1855-1863 [Full Text]  
• Seckin, N. C., Inegol, I., Turhan, N. O., Bavbek, N. (2005). Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome During the Diagnostic Workup of Second-Trimester Fetal Bradycardia. CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 11: 231-233 [Abstract]  
• Simoncini, S., Sapet, C., Camoin-Jau, L., Bardin, N., Harle, J.-R., Sampol, J., Dignat-George, F., Anfosso, F. (2005). Role of reactive oxygen species and p38 MAPK in the induction of the pro-adhesive endothelial state mediated by IgG from patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. Int Immunol 17: 489-500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferreira, S., D'Cruz, D. P., Hughes, G. R. V. (2005). Multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome: where do we stand?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44: 434-442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Di Simone, N, Raschi, E, Testoni, C, Castellani, R, D'Asta, M, Shi, T, Krilis, S A, Caruso, A, Meroni, P L (2005). Pathogenic role of anti-{beta}2-glycoprotein I antibodies in antiphospholipid associated fetal loss: characterisation of {beta}2-glycoprotein I binding to trophoblast cells and functional effects of anti-{beta}2-glycoprotein I antibodies in vitro. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 462-467 [Abstract] [Full Text]