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Previous Volume 347:911-920 September 19, 2002 Number 12 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text Purchase this article Editorial by Weiss, S. T. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Infectious agents can induce autoimmune diseases in several experimental settings, some of which have clinical counterparts. A variety of mechanisms have been invoked to explain these observations, including molecular mimicry and an increase in the immunogenicity of autoantigens caused by inflammation in the target organ.¹ Paradoxically, infectious agents can also suppress allergic and autoimmune disorders. In this review, I will summarize the evidence that the main factor in the increased prevalence of these diseases in industrialized countries is the reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases in those countries over the past three decades. This concept is not new. In . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Contrasting Epidemiologic Trends in Developed Countries

The Geographic Distribution of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

The North–South Gradient

Genetic Factors

Environmental Factors

Interactions between Genetic and Environmental Factors

Socioeconomic Status

Childhood Infection

Other Factors

Is the Decreased Incidence of Infectious Diseases Causally Related to the Increased Incidence of Immunologic Diseases?

Animal Models

Underlying Mechanisms

Type 1 and Type 2 Helper T Cells

Regulatory T Cells and Cytokines

Other Mechanisms

Clinical Implications

Source Information

From INSERM Unité 25, Institut de Recherches Necker–Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker, Paris.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Bach at INSERM Unité 25, Hôpital Necker, 161 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris CEDEX 15, France, or at bach@necker.fr.

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