FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 347:417-429 August 8, 2002 Number 6 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text Supplementary Material Purchase this article Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

In the decades since the major forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease were defined on the basis of clinical manifestations, investigators have been challenged to identify the fundamental pathophysiologic processes underlying these enigmatic disorders, and clinicians have struggled to provide effective therapy for the often dismaying clinical manifestations. Clinical experience has led to the generally accepted notion that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are distinct, if not discrete, entities. However, whether these are fundamentally different diseases or part of a mechanistic continuum remains an unanswered question, with both conceptual and practical management implications.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Inflammatory bowel disease is thought to result . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Genetic Factors

Environmental Precipitants and Disease Cofactors

Immune Response and Inflammatory Pathways

Treatment

5-Aminosalicylic Acid

Corticosteroids

Immunosuppressive and Immunoregulatory Agents

Anti-TNF Therapy

Antibiotics and Probiotics

Investigational Agents

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Gastrointestinal Unit and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.

Related Letters:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease
García de Tena J., Espinosa L. M., Alvarez-Mon M., Famularo G., Trinchieri V., De Simone C., Marchetti F., Martelossi S., Ventura A., Mohammed F., Podolsky D. K.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2002; 347:1982-1984, Dec 12, 2002. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Yan, Y., Dalmasso, G., Nguyen, H. T. T., Obertone, T. S., Charrier-Hisamuddin, L., Sitaraman, S. V., Merlin, D. (2008). Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Is a Critical Mediator of Ste20-Like Proline-/Alanine-Rich Kinase Regulation in Intestinal Inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 173: 1013-1028 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spagnuolo, P. A., Hoffman-Goetz, L. (2008). Dietary Lactoferrin Does Not Prevent Dextran Sulfate Sodium Induced Murine Intestinal Lymphocyte Death. Exp. Biol. Med. 233: 1099-1108 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kidd, M., Modlin, I. M., Gustafsson, B. I., Drozdov, I., Hauso, O., Pfragner, R. (2008). Luminal regulation of normal and neoplastic human EC cell serotonin release is mediated by bile salts, amines, tastants, and olfactants. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 295: G260-G272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gay, J., Kokkotou, E., O'Brien, M., Pothoulakis, C., Karalis, K. P. (2008). Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency Is Associated with Reduced Local Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Experimental Colitis. Endocrinology 149: 3403-3409 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilson, J. A.P. (2008). Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. NEJM 358: 2733-2734 [Full Text]  
• Wang, Y., Rickman, B. H., Poutahidis, T., Schlieper, K., Jackson, E. A., Erdman, S. E., Fox, J. G., Horwitz, B. H. (2008). c-Rel Is Essential for the Development of Innate and T Cell-Induced Colitis. J. Immunol. 180: 8118-8125 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Horino, J., Fujimoto, M., Terabe, F., Serada, S., Takahashi, T., Soma, Y., Tanaka, K., Chinen, T., Yoshimura, A., Nomura, S., Kawase, I., Hayashi, N., Kishimoto, T., Naka, T. (2008). Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Int Immunol 20: 753-762 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jia, Q., Lupton, J. R., Smith, R., Weeks, B. R., Callaway, E., Davidson, L. A., Kim, W., Fan, Y.-Y., Yang, P., Newman, R. A., Kang, J. X., McMurray, D. N., Chapkin, R. S. (2008). Reduced Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer in Fat-1 (n-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase) Transgenic Mice. Cancer Res. 68: 3985-3991 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tilg, H, Moschen, A R, Kaser, A, Pines, A, Dotan, I (2008). Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: basic and clinical concepts. Gut 57: 684-694 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miles, A., Liaskou, E., Eksteen, B., Lalor, P. F., Adams, D. H. (2008). CCL25 and CCL28 promote {alpha}4{beta}7-integrin-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes to MAdCAM-1 under shear flow. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 294: G1257-G1267 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomita, T., Kanai, T., Fujii, T., Nemoto, Y., Okamoto, R., Tsuchiya, K., Totsuka, T., Sakamoto, N., Akira, S., Watanabe, M. (2008). MyD88-Dependent Pathway in T Cells Directly Modulates the Expansion of Colitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Chronic Colitis. J. Immunol. 180: 5291-5299 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Albert, E. J., Marshall, J. S. (2008). Aging in the absence of TLR2 is associated with reduced IFN-{gamma} responses in the large intestine and increased severity of induced colitis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83: 833-842 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rossi, C. M., Di Comite, G., Babb, R. R., Nori, U. S., Agarwal, A. K., Rovin, B. H., Saag, K. G., Shane, E., Marcus, R. (2008). Teriparatide or Alendronate in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. NEJM 358: 1302-1304 [Full Text]  
• Fishbein, T, Novitskiy, G, Mishra, L, Matsumoto, C, Kaufman, S, Goyal, S, Shetty, K, Johnson, L, Lu, A, Wang, A, Hu, F, Kallakury, B, Lough, D, Zasloff, M (2008). NOD2-expressing bone marrow-derived cells appear to regulate epithelial innate immunity of the transplanted human small intestine. Gut 57: 323-330 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elphick, D., Liddell, S., Mahida, Y. R. (2008). Impaired Luminal Processing of Human Defensin-5 in Crohn's Disease: Persistence in a Complex with Chymotrypsinogen and Trypsin. Am. J. Pathol. 172: 702-713 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cassinotti, A, Annaloro, C, Ardizzone, S, Onida, F, Volpe, A D., Clerici, M, Usardi, P, Greco, S, Maconi, G, Porro, G B., Deliliers, G L. (2008). Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation without CD34+ cell selection in refractory Crohn's disease. Gut 57: 211-217 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kamada, N., Maeda, K., Inoue, N., Hisamatsu, T., Okamoto, S., Hong, K. S., Yamada, T., Watanabe, N., Tsuchimoto, K., Ogata, H., Hibi, T. (2008). Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917 Inhibits Signal Transduction in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Infect. Immun. 76: 214-220 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilmanski, J. M., Petnicki-Ocwieja, T., Kobayashi, K. S. (2008). NLR proteins: integral members of innate immunity and mediators of inflammatory diseases. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83: 13-30 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bibiloni, R., Tandon, P., Vargas-Voracka, F., Barreto-Zuniga, R., Lupian-Sanchez, A., Rico-Hinojosa, M. A., Guban, J., Fedorak, R., Tannock, G. W. (2008). Differential clustering of bowel biopsy-associated bacterial profiles of specimens collected in Mexico and Canada: what do these profiles represent?. J Med Microbiol 57: 111-117 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Song, J., Matsuda, C., Kai, Y., Nishida, T., Nakajima, K., Mizushima, T., Kinoshita, M., Yasue, T., Sawa, Y., Ito, T. (2008). A Novel Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Agonist, 2-Amino-2-propanediol Hydrochloride (KRP-203), Regulates Chronic Colitis in Interleukin-10 Gene-Deficient Mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 324: 276-283 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomita, T., Kanai, T., Nemoto, Y., Totsuka, T., Okamoto, R., Tsuchiya, K., Sakamoto, N., Watanabe, M. (2008). Systemic, but Not Intestinal, IL-7 Is Essential for the Persistence of Chronic Colitis. J. Immunol. 180: 383-390 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ito, Y., Kanai, T., Totsuka, T., Okamoto, R., Tsuchiya, K., Nemoto, Y., Yoshioka, A., Tomita, T., Nagaishi, T., Sakamoto, N., Sakanishi, T., Okumura, K., Yagita, H., Watanabe, M. (2008). Blockade of NKG2D signaling prevents the development of murine CD4+ T cell-mediated colitis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 294: G199-G207 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kong, J., Zhang, Z., Musch, M. W., Ning, G., Sun, J., Hart, J., Bissonnette, M., Li, Y. C. (2008). Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 294: G208-G216 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hedl, M., Li, J., Cho, J. H., Abraham, C. (2007). Chronic stimulation of Nod2 mediates tolerance to bacterial products. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19440-19445 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harder, J., Glaser, R., Schroder, J.-M. (2007). Review: Human antimicrobial proteins effectors of innate immunity. Innate Immunity 13: 317-338 [Abstract]  
• Buanne, P., Di Carlo, E., Caputi, L., Brandolini, L., Mosca, M., Cattani, F., Pellegrini, L., Biordi, L., Coletti, G., Sorrentino, C., Fedele, G., Colotta, F., Melillo, G., Bertini, R. (2007). Crucial pathophysiological role of CXCR2 in experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 1239-1246 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Leenen, C. H. M., Dieleman, L. A. (2007). Inulin and Oligofructose in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J. Nutr. 137: 2572S-2575S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferwerda, G., Kullberg, B. J., de Jong, D. J., Girardin, S. E., Langenberg, D. M. L., van Crevel, R., Ottenhoff, T. H. M., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Netea, M. G. (2007). Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is recognized by Toll-like receptors and NOD2. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 1011-1018 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weng, M., Huntley, D., Huang, I-F., Foye-Jackson, O., Wang, L., Sarkissian, A., Zhou, Q., Walker, W. A., Cherayil, B. J., Shi, H. N. (2007). Alternatively Activated Macrophages in Intestinal Helminth Infection: Effects on Concurrent Bacterial Colitis. J. Immunol. 179: 4721-4731 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Treede, I., Braun, A., Sparla, R., Kuhnel, M., Giese, T., Turner, J. R., Anes, E., Kulaksiz, H., Fullekrug, J., Stremmel, W., Griffiths, G., Ehehalt, R. (2007). Anti-inflammatory Effects of Phosphatidylcholine. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 27155-27164 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Raelson, J. V., Little, R. D., Ruether, A., Fournier, H., Paquin, B., Van Eerdewegh, P., Bradley, W. E. C., Croteau, P., Nguyen-Huu, Q., Segal, J., Debrus, S., Allard, R., Rosenstiel, P., Franke, A., Jacobs, G., Nikolaus, S., Vidal, J.-M., Szego, P., Laplante, N., Clark, H. F., Paulussen, R. J., Hooper, J. W., Keith, T. P., Belouchi, A., Schreiber, S. (2007). From the Cover: Genome-wide association study for Crohn's disease in the Quebec Founder Population identifies multiple validated disease loci. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 14747-14752 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shibata, W., Maeda, S., Hikiba, Y., Yanai, A., Ohmae, T., Sakamoto, K., Nakagawa, H., Ogura, K., Omata, M. (2007). Cutting Edge: The I{kappa}B Kinase (IKK) Inhibitor, NEMO-Binding Domain Peptide, Blocks Inflammatory Injury in Murine Colitis. J. Immunol. 179: 2681-2685 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wehkamp, J., Wang, G., Kubler, I., Nuding, S., Gregorieff, A., Schnabel, A., Kays, R. J., Fellermann, K., Burk, O., Schwab, M., Clevers, H., Bevins, C. L., Stange, E. F. (2007). The Paneth Cell {alpha}-Defensin Deficiency of Ileal Crohn's Disease Is Linked to Wnt/Tcf-4. J. Immunol. 179: 3109-3118 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dambacher, J., Beigel, F., Seiderer, J., Haller, D., Goke, B., Auernhammer, C. J, Brand, S. (2007). Interleukin 31 mediates MAP kinase and STAT1/3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells and its expression is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 56: 1257-1265 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tanaka, K.-I., Namba, T., Arai, Y., Fujimoto, M., Adachi, H., Sobue, G., Takeuchi, K., Nakai, A., Mizushima, T. (2007). Genetic Evidence for a Protective Role for Heat Shock Factor 1 and Heat Shock Protein 70 against Colitis. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 23240-23252 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Etling, M. R., Davies, S., Campbell, M., Redline, R. W., Fu, P., Levine, A. D. (2007). Maturation of the mucosal immune system underlies colitis susceptibility in interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10 / ) mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 311-319 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sands, B. E., Kaplan, G. G. (2007). The Role of TNF{alpha} in Ulcerative Colitis. J Clin Pharmacol 47: 930-941 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bringer, M.-A., Rolhion, N., Glasser, A.-L., Darfeuille-Michaud, A. (2007). The Oxidoreductase DsbA Plays a Key Role in the Ability of the Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Strain LF82 To Resist Macrophage Killing. J. Bacteriol. 189: 4860-4871 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Berndt, U., Bartsch, S., Philipsen, L., Danese, S., Wiedenmann, B., Dignass, A. U., Hammerle, M., Sturm, A. (2007). Proteomic Analysis of the Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa Reveals Distinctive Immune Response Profiles in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. J. Immunol. 179: 295-304 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jergens, A. E, Wilson-Welder, J. H, Dorn, A., Henderson, A., Liu, Z., Evans, R. B, Hostetter, J., Wannemuehler, M. J (2007). Helicobacter bilis triggers persistent immune reactivity to antigens derived from the commensal bacteria in gnotobiotic C3H/HeN mice. Gut 56: 934-940 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Heimesaat, M M, Fischer, A, Jahn, H-K, Niebergall, J, Freudenberg, M, Blaut, M, Liesenfeld, O, Schumann, R R, Gobel, U B, Bereswill, S (2007). Exacerbation of murine ileitis by Toll-like receptor 4 mediated sensing of lipopolysaccharide from commensal Escherichia coli. Gut 56: 941-948 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yuan, Q., Bromley, S. K., Means, T. K., Jones, K. J., Hayashi, F., Bhan, A. K., Luster, A. D. (2007). CCR4-dependent regulatory T cell function in inflammatory bowel disease. J. Exp. Med. 204: 1327-1334 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reiley, W. W., Jin, W., Lee, A. J., Wright, A., Wu, X., Tewalt, E. F., Leonard, T. O., Norbury, C. C., Fitzpatrick, L., Zhang, M., Sun, S.-C. (2007). Deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD negatively regulates the ubiquitin-dependent kinase Tak1 and prevents abnormal T cell responses. J. Exp. Med. 204: 1475-1485 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Chamaillard, M. (2007). Invited review: NOD2 and defensins: translating innate to adaptive immunity in Crohn's disease. Innate Immunity 13: 135-139 [Abstract]  
• Pellequer, Y., Meissner, Y., Ubrich, N., Lamprecht, A. (2007). Epithelial Heparin Delivery via Microspheres Mitigates Experimental Colitis in Mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 321: 726-733 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fichtner-Feigl, S., Fuss, I. J., Young, C. A., Watanabe, T., Geissler, E. K., Schlitt, H.-J., Kitani, A., Strober, W. (2007). Induction of IL-13 Triggers TGF-beta1-Dependent Tissue Fibrosis in Chronic 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid Colitis. J. Immunol. 178: 5859-5870 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Totsuka, T., Kanai, T., Nemoto, Y., Makita, S., Okamoto, R., Tsuchiya, K., Watanabe, M. (2007). IL-7 Is Essential for the Development and the Persistence of Chronic Colitis. J. Immunol. 178: 4737-4748 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Forsyth, C. B., Banan, A., Farhadi, A., Fields, J. Z., Tang, Y., Shaikh, M., Zhang, L. J., Engen, P. A., Keshavarzian, A. (2007). Regulation of Oxidant-Induced Intestinal Permeability by Metalloprotease-Dependent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 321: 84-97 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• De Vry, C. G, Prasad, S., Komuves, L., Lorenzana, C., Parham, C., Le, T., Adda, S., Hoffman, J., Kahoud, N., Garlapati, R., Shyamsundar, R., Mai, K., Zhang, J., Muchamuel, T., Dajee, M., Schryver, B., McEvoy, L. M, Ehrhardt, R. O (2007). Non-viral delivery of nuclear factor-{kappa}B decoy ameliorates murine inflammatory bowel disease and restores tissue homeostasis. Gut 56: 524-533 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smith, P., Mangan, N. E., Walsh, C. M., Fallon, R. E., McKenzie, A. N. J., van Rooijen, N., Fallon, P. G. (2007). Infection with a Helminth Parasite Prevents Experimental Colitis via a Macrophage-Mediated Mechanism. J. Immunol. 178: 4557-4566 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Abubakar, I., Myhill, D. J., Hart, A. R., Lake, I. R., Harvey, I., Rhodes, J. M., Robinson, R., Lobo, A. J., Probert, C. S. J., Hunter, P. R. (2007). A Case-Control Study of Drinking Water and Dairy Products in Crohn's Disease--Further Investigation of the Possible Role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. Am J Epidemiol 165: 776-783 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Swidsinski, A., Loening-Baucke, V., Theissig, F., Engelhardt, H., Bengmark, S., Koch, S., Lochs, H., Dorffel, Y. (2007). Comparative study of the intestinal mucus barrier in normal and inflamed colon. Gut 56: 343-350 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saruta, M., Yu, Q. T., Avanesyan, A., Fleshner, P. R., Targan, S. R., Papadakis, K. A. (2007). Phenotype and Effector Function of CC Chemokine Receptor 9-Expressing Lymphocytes in Small Intestinal Crohn's Disease. J. Immunol. 178: 3293-3300 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Leonard, M. B. (2007). Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Children: Impact of the Underlying Disease. Pediatrics 119: S166-S174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• De Schepper, H U, De Man, J G, Van Nassauw, L, Timmermans, J-P, Herman, A G, Pelckmans, P A, De Winter, B Y (2007). Acute distal colitis impairs gastric emptying in rats via an extrinsic neuronal reflex pathway involving the pelvic nerve. Gut 56: 195-202 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boivin, M. A., Ye, D., Kennedy, J. C., Al-Sadi, R., Shepela, C., Ma, T. Y. (2007). Mechanism of glucocorticoid regulation of the intestinal tight junction barrier. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292: G590-G598 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Korzenik, J R (2007). Is Crohn's disease due to defective immunity?. Gut 56: 2-5 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zeissig, S, Burgel, N, Gunzel, D, Richter, J, Mankertz, J, Wahnschaffe, U, Kroesen, A J, Zeitz, M, Fromm, M, Schulzke, J-D (2007). Changes in expression and distribution of claudin 2, 5 and 8 lead to discontinuous tight junctions and barrier dysfunction in active Crohn's disease. Gut 56: 61-72 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Theiss, A. L., Idell, R. D., Srinivasan, S., Klapproth, J.-M., Jones, D. P., Merlin, D., Sitaraman, S. V. (2007). Prohibitin protects against oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J. 21: 197-206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Melgar, S., Bjursell, M., Gerdin, A.-K., Svensson, L., Michaelsson, E., Bohlooly-Y, M. (2007). Mice with experimental colitis show an altered metabolism with decreased metabolic rate. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292: G165-G172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Csillag, C., Nielsen, O. H., Borup, R., Nielsen, F. C., Olsen, J. (2007). Clinical phenotype and gene expression profile in Crohn's disease. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292: G298-G304 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chapkin, R. S., Davidson, L. A., Ly, L., Weeks, B. R., Lupton, J. R., McMurray, D. N. (2007). Immunomodulatory Effects of (n-3) Fatty Acids: Putative Link to Inflammation and Colon Cancer. J. Nutr. 137: 200S-204S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Berruyer, C., Pouyet, L., Millet, V., Martin, F. M., LeGoffic, A., Canonici, A., Garcia, S., Bagnis, C., Naquet, P., Galland, F. (2006). Vanin-1 licenses inflammatory mediator production by gut epithelial cells and controls colitis by antagonizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} activity. J. Exp. Med. 203: 2817-2827 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Heimesaat, M. M., Bereswill, S., Fischer, A., Fuchs, D., Struck, D., Niebergall, J., Jahn, H.-K., Dunay, I. R., Moter, A., Gescher, D. M., Schumann, R. R., Gobel, U. B., Liesenfeld, O. (2006). Gram-Negative Bacteria Aggravate Murine Small Intestinal Th1-Type Immunopathology following Oral Infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol. 177: 8785-8795 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Duerr, R. H., Taylor, K. D., Brant, S. R., Rioux, J. D., Silverberg, M. S., Daly, M. J., Steinhart, A. H., Abraham, C., Regueiro, M., Griffiths, A., Dassopoulos, T., Bitton, A., Yang, H., Targan, S., Datta, L. W., Kistner, E. O., Schumm, L. P., Lee, A. T., Gregersen, P. K., Barmada, M. M., Rotter, J. I., Nicolae, D. L., Cho, J. H. (2006). A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies IL23R as an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gene. Science 314: 1461-1463 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K., Barnich, N., Xavier, R., Hisamatsu, T., Podolsky, D. K. (2006). Centaurin beta1 Down-regulates Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domains 1- and 2-dependent NF-{kappa}B Activation. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 36060-36070 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomczak, M. F., Erdman, S. E., Davidson, A., Wang, Y. Y., Nambiar, P. R., Rogers, A. B., Rickman, B., Luchetti, D., Fox, J. G., Horwitz, B. H. (2006). Inhibition of Helicobacter hepaticus-Induced Colitis by IL-10 Requires the p50/p105 Subunit of NF-{kappa}B. J. Immunol. 177: 7332-7339 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schottenfeld, D., Beebe-Dimmer, J. (2006). Alleviating the Burden of Cancer: A Perspective on Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15: 2049-2055 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ansari, N, Abdulla, J, Zayyani, N, Brahmi, U, Taha, S, Satir, A A (2006). Comparison of RANTES expression in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: an aid in the differential diagnosis?. J. Clin. Pathol. 59: 1066-1072 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Medina, C., Radomski, M. W. (2006). Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Intestinal Inflammation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 318: 933-938 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Keshav, S. (2006). Paneth cells: leukocyte-like mediators of innate immunity in the intestine. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 500-508 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Simpson, K. W., Dogan, B., Rishniw, M., Goldstein, R. E., Klaessig, S., McDonough, P. L., German, A. J., Yates, R. M., Russell, D. G., Johnson, S. E., Berg, D. E., Harel, J., Bruant, G., McDonough, S. P., Schukken, Y. H. (2006). Adherent and Invasive Escherichia coli Is Associated with Granulomatous Colitis in Boxer Dogs.. Infect. Immun. 74: 4778-4792 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bibiloni, R., Mangold, M., Madsen, K. L., Fedorak, R. N., Tannock, G. W. (2006). The bacteriology of biopsies differs between newly diagnosed, untreated, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients.. J Med Microbiol 55: 1141-1149 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wolters, F L, Russel, M G, Sijbrandij, J, Ambergen, T, Odes, S, Riis, L, Langholz, E, Politi, P, Qasim, A, Koutroubakis, I, Tsianos, E, Vermeire, S, Freitas, J, van Zeijl, G, Hoie, O, Bernklev, T, Beltrami, M, Rodriguez, D, Stockbrugger, R W, Moum, B, on behalf of the European Collaborative Study Grou, (2006). Phenotype at diagnosis predicts recurrence rates in Crohn's disease. Gut 55: 1124-1130 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reinisch, W, Hommes, D W, Van Assche, G, Colombel, J-F, Gendre, J-P, Oldenburg, B, Teml, A, Geboes, K, Ding, H, Zhang, L, Tang, M, Cheng, M, van Deventer, S J H, Rutgeerts, P, Pearce, T (2006). A dose escalating, placebo controlled, double blind, single dose and multidose, safety and tolerability study of fontolizumab, a humanised anti-interferon {gamma} antibody, in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Gut 55: 1138-1144 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adachi, M, Kurotani, R, Morimura, K, Shah, Y, Sanford, M, Madison, B B, Gumucio, D L, Marin, H E, Peters, J M, Young, H A, Gonzalez, F J (2006). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor {gamma} in colonic epithelial cells protects against experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 55: 1104-1113 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hudert, C. A., Weylandt, K. H., Lu, Y., Wang, J., Hong, S., Dignass, A., Serhan, C. N., Kang, J. X. (2006). Transgenic mice rich in endogenous omega-3 fatty acids are protected from colitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 11276-11281 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wills, A J, Pengiran Tengah, D S N A, Holmes, G K T (2006). The neurology of enteric disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 77: 805-810 [Full Text]  
• Bai, A-P, Ouyang, Q (2006). Probiotics and inflammatory bowel diseases.. Postgrad. Med. J. 82: 376-382 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• de Buhr, M. F., Mahler, M., Geffers, R., Hansen, W., Westendorf, A. M., Lauber, J., Buer, J., Schlegelberger, B., Hedrich, H. J., Bleich, A. (2006). Cd14, Gbp1, and Pla2g2a: three major candidate genes for experimental IBD identified by combining QTL and microarray analyses.. Physiol. Genomics 25: 426-434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mueller, T., Terada, T., Rosenberg, I. M., Shibolet, O., Podolsky, D. K. (2006). Th2 Cytokines Down-Regulate TLR Expression and Function in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J. Immunol. 176: 5805-5814 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bougnoux, M.-E., Diogo, D., Francois, N., Sendid, B., Veirmeire, S., Colombel, J. F., Bouchier, C., Van Kruiningen, H., d'Enfert, C., Poulain, D. (2006). Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Intrafamilial Transmission and Microevolutions of Candida albicans Isolates from the Human Digestive Tract.. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 1810-1820 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sethi, S., Maloney, J., Grove, L., Wrona, C., Berenson, C. S. (2006). Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Bacterial Colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173: 991-998 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lakatos, L, Lakatos, P L (2006). Is the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases increasing in Eastern Europe?. Postgrad. Med. J. 82: 332-337 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ho, G.-T., Soranzo, N., Nimmo, E.R., Tenesa, A., Goldstein, D.B., Satsangi, J. (2006). ABCB1/MDR1 gene determines susceptibility and phenotype in ulcerative colitis: discrimination of critical variants using a gene-wide haplotype tagging approach. Hum Mol Genet 15: 797-805 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schottenfeld, D., Beebe-Dimmer, J. (2006). Chronic inflammation: a common and important factor in the pathogenesis of neoplasia.. CA Cancer J Clin 56: 69-83 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Buhner, S, Buning, C, Genschel, J, Kling, K, Herrmann, D, Dignass, A, Kuechler, I, Krueger, S, Schmidt, H H-J, Lochs, H (2006). Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation?. Gut 55: 342-347 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burczynski, M. E., Peterson, R. L., Twine, N. C., Zuberek, K. A., Brodeur, B. J., Casciotti, L., Maganti, V., Reddy, P. S., Strahs, A., Immermann, F., Spinelli, W., Schwertschlag, U., Slager, A. M., Cotreau, M. M., Dorner, A. J. (2006). Molecular Classification of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Patients Using Transcriptional Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J. Mol. Diagn. 8: 51-61 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Videla, S., Vilaseca, J., Medina, C., Mourelle, M., Guarner, F., Salas, A., Malagelada, J.-R. (2006). Selective Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase-4 Ameliorates Chronic Colitis and Prevents Intestinal Fibrosis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 316: 940-945 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cima, R. R., Dubach, J. M., Wieland, A. M., Walsh, B. M., Soybel, D. I. (2006). Intracellular Ca2+ and Zn2+ signals during monochloramine-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat colon crypts. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 290: G250-G261 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Croese, J, O'Neil, J, Masson, J, Cooke, S, Melrose, W, Pritchard, D, Speare, R (2006). A proof of concept study establishing Necator americanus in Crohn's patients and reservoir donors. Gut 55: 136-137 [Full Text]  
• Bamias, G., Nyce, M. R., De La Rue, S. A., Cominelli, F. (2005). New Concepts in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ANN INTERN MED 143: 895-904 [Full Text]  
• Wehkamp, J., Salzman, N. H., Porter, E., Nuding, S., Weichenthal, M., Petras, R. E., Shen, B., Schaeffeler, E., Schwab, M., Linzmeier, R., Feathers, R. W., Chu, H., Lima, H. Jr., Fellermann, K., Ganz, T., Stange, E. F., Bevins, C. L. (2005). Reduced Paneth cell {alpha}-defensins in ileal Crohn's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 18129-18134 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cao, W., Fiocchi, C., Pricolo, V. E. (2005). Production of IL-1{beta}, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide by colonic mucosa decreases sigmoid smooth muscle contractility in ulcerative colitis. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 289: C1408-C1416 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kamada, N., Hisamatsu, T., Okamoto, S., Sato, T., Matsuoka, K., Arai, K., Nakai, T., Hasegawa, A., Inoue, N., Watanabe, N., Akagawa, K. S., Hibi, T. (2005). Abnormally Differentiated Subsets of Intestinal Macrophage Play a Key Role in Th1-Dominant Chronic Colitis through Excess Production of IL-12 and IL-23 in Response to Bacteria. J. Immunol. 175: 6900-6908 [Abstract] [Full Text]