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Previous Volume 348:1134-1149 March 20, 2003 Number 12 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Neurons and neuroendocrine cells contain membrane-delimited pools of peptide hormones, biogenic amines, and neurotransmitters with a characteristic electron-dense appearance on transmission electron microscopy (Figure 1). These vesicles, which are present throughout the neuroendocrine system^1,2 and in a variety of neurons, store and release chromogranins and secretogranins (also known as "granins"), a unique group of acidic, soluble secretory proteins.^3,4 The three "classic" granins are chromogranin A, which was first isolated from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla^5,6; chromogranin B, initially characterized in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line⁷; and secretogranin II (sometimes called chromogranin C), which was originally . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Granins

Structural and Physicochemical Properties

Genomic Organization and Transcriptional Regulation

Sorting Mechanisms

Intracellular Functions of Granins

Formation of Secretory Granules

Modulation of Peptide Hormone and Neuropeptide Processing

Extracellular Functions

Autocrine and Paracrine Inhibition of Secretion

Antimicrobial Properties of Granins

Distribution in Normal Neuroendocrine Tissues

Clinical Uses

Assays for Chromogranin A

Use of Granins as Diagnostic Markers or Biologic Markers

Pheochromocytoma

Carcinoid Tumors

Endocrine Pancreatic Tumors

Lung, Prostate, Colon, and Breast Tumors

Nonfunctioning Neuroendocrine Tumors

Essential Hypertension

Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Organ Failure

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Department of Medicine (L.T., K.L.H., D.T.O.) and the Center for Molecular Genetics (D.T.O.), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla; and the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, Calif. (L.T., K.L.H., D.T.O.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. O'Connor at the Department of Medicine (9111H), University of California at San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, or at doconnor@ucsd.edu.

Related Letters:

The Chromogranin–Secretogranin Family
Scherübl H., Grabowski P., Tony J. C., Taupenot L. J.C., Harper K. L., O'Connor D. T.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2579-2580, Jun 19, 2003. Correspondence

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