The clinical syndrome of heart failure is the final pathwayfor myriad diseases that affect the heart. Since the mid-1990s,when the last review of heart failure appeared in the Journal,1discoveries from basic research and findings from key clinicaltrials have resulted in considerable change in the scope oftherapies available and the continuing advancement of our understandingof the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure. In thisarticle, we highlight these new developments.
A Costly and Deadly Disorder
Nearly 5 million Americans have heart failure today, with anincidence approaching 10 per 1000 population among persons olderthan 65 years of age. Heart failure . . . [Full Text of this Article]
The Syndrome of Heart Failure
Remodeling
Mitral Regurgitation
Arrhythmias and Bundle-Branch Block
Diastolic Heart Failure
Management of Heart Failure
Clinical Assessment
Treatment of Patients with Stage A Heart Failure
Treatment of Stage B, C, or D Heart Failure with or without Symptoms
Additional Therapy for Symptomatic Patients with Stage C or Stage D Heart Failure
Nonpharmacologic Therapy
Revascularization and Surgical Therapy
The Future
Source Information
From the Heart Failure–Cardiac Transplantation Program, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Jessup at the Heart Failure–Cardiac Transplantation Program, 6 Penn Tower, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, or at jessupm@uphs.upenn.edu.
Related Letters:
Heart Failure
Eltzschig H. K., Ehlers R., Shernan S. K., Rodriguez W., Silver S. M., Schoevaerdts D., Swine C., Vanpee D., Jessup M., Brozena S.
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N Engl J Med 2003;
349:1002-1004, Sep 4, 2003.
Correspondence
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