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Volume 348:379-380 January 30, 2003 Number 5 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Inspired in 1931 by a bedside vigil for a dying patient with massive pulmonary embolism, John Gibbon had by the early 1950s developed the heart–lung machine, or pump oxygenator. Although it affected the management of pulmonary embolism only trivially, the pump made possible the era of modern heart surgery for congenital, valvular, and coronary artery disease. An estimated 800,000 patients per year worldwide undergo coronary-artery bypass grafting in order to achieve the extensively documented improvement in survival and quality of life that it can provide to appropriate candidates.

That benefit is offset by a perioperative mortality rate of 1 to . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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From the Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.

Related Letters:

Off-Pump Coronary Bypass Surgery
Donias H. W., Pande R., Karamanoukian H. L., Gomberg-Maitland M., Halperin J. L., Healey J., Fenwick E., O'Brien B., Nathoe H. M., Buskens E., de Jaegere P. P.T., Rose E. A.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1928-1931, May 8, 2003. Correspondence

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