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Images in Clinical Medicine
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Volume 349:159 July 10, 2003 Number 2
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Complex Umbilical-Cord Knot

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A 29-year-old woman was in spontaneous labor at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. The second stage of labor was notable for persistent, severe, and variable decelerations in the fetal heart rate. She had spontaneous vaginal delivery of a 3.7-kg infant. The Apgar score was 8 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively. The umbilical cord was noted to have a compound knot. True knots in the umbilical cord occur in approximately 1 percent of all deliveries. Most knots are single, are innocuous, and do not lead to an adverse neonatal outcome. Compound knots, as in this case, are rare, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

 

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Complex Umbilical-Cord Knot
Spencer N. A.
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N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1389-1390, Oct 2, 2003. Correspondence

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