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Correspondence
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Volume 349:2075-2076 November 20, 2003 Number 21
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Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease

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To the Editor: The Retrospective article by Bailar on estrogen replacement (Aug. 7 issue)1 correctly cautions that observational data connecting a risk factor with cardiovascular disease do not definitively establish causation. To illustrate this point, he singles out two well-designed observational studies that came to opposite conclusions: the Nurses' Health Study, which concluded that women who used postmenopausal estrogen had a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than women who did not, and the Framingham Study, which reported a higher risk among users of estrogen.2,3 Bailar asserts that "both" studies came to "incorrect conclusions."

Were both studies really in error? The . . . [Full Text of this Article]



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