Esophageal cancer is one of the least studied and deadliestcancers worldwide. During the past three decades, importantchanges have occurred in the epidemiologic patterns associatedwith this disease. Recent advances in the diagnosis, staging,and treatment of this neoplastic condition have led to smallbut significant improvements in survival. These new observationsserve as the focus of this review.
Incidence
Cancers arising from the esophagus, including the gastroesophagealjunction, are relatively uncommon in the United States, with13,900 new cases and 13,000 deaths anticipated in 2003.1 Thelifetime risk of this cancer is 0.8 percent for men and 0.3percent . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Pathologic Process
Etiologic Factors
Squamous-Cell Carcinoma
Chronic Irritation
Genetic Predisposition
Other Associations
Adenocarcinoma
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Obesity
Barrett's Esophagus
Pathological Findings
Genetic Findings
Changing Histologic Findings
Prevention, Surveillance, and Screening
Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Studies
Staging and Prognosis
Management of Advanced (Stage IV) Disease
Management of Localized Esophageal Cancer
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Combination Therapy
Preoperative Radiotherapy
Preoperative Chemotherapy
Preoperative Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Postoperative Treatment
Nonsurgical Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Control of Symptoms
Dysphagia and Obstruction
Esophageal–Airway Fistula
The Future
Source Information
From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute; the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School — all in Boston.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Enzinger at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115.
Related Letters:
Esophageal Cancer
Mohammed F., Scherübl H., Zeitz M., Argyres M. I., Enzinger P. C., Mayer R. J.
Extract |
Full Text |
PDF
N Engl J Med 2004;
350:1363-1364, Mar 25, 2004.
Correspondence
This article has been cited by other articles:
Bhat, Y. M., Furth, E. E., Brensinger, C. M., Ginsberg, G. G.
(2009). Endoscopic resection with ligation using a multi-band mucosectomy system in Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
2: 323-330
[Abstract]
Shi, Y, Ding, X, He, Z-H, Zhou, K-C, Wang, Q, Wang, Y-Z
(2009). Critical role of TRPC6 channels in G2 phase transition and the development of human oesophageal cancer. Gut
58: 1443-1450
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liu, P., Chen, W., Zhu, H., Liu, B., Song, S., Shen, W., Wang, F., Tucker, S., Zhong, B., Wang, D.
(2009). Expression of VEGF-C Correlates with a Poor Prognosis Based on Analysis of Prognostic Factors in 73 Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol
39: 644-650
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mirnezami, R., Rohatgi, A., Sutcliffe, R. P., Hamouda, A., Mason, R. C.
(2009). Transhiatal oesophagectomy: treatment of choice for high-grade dysplasia. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.
36: 364-367
[Abstract][Full Text]
Papineni, S., Chintharlapalli, S., Abdelrahim, M., Lee, S.-o., Burghardt, R., Abudayyeh, A., Baker, C., Herrera, L., Safe, S.
(2009). Tolfenamic acid inhibits esophageal cancer through repression of specificity proteins and c-Met. Carcinogenesis
30: 1193-1201
[Abstract][Full Text]
Klein, C. A., Stoecklein, N. H.
(2009). Lessons from an Aggressive Cancer: Evolutionary Dynamics in Esophageal Carcinoma. Cancer Res.
69: 5285-5288
[Abstract][Full Text]
Krause, B. J., Herrmann, K., Wieder, H., zum Buschenfelde, C. M.
(2009). 18F-FDG PET and 18F-FDG PET/CT for Assessing Response to Therapy in Esophageal Cancer. JNM
50: 89S-96S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chen, H., Yu, D., Luo, A., Tan, W., Zhang, C., Zhao, D., Yang, M., Liu, J., Lin, D., Liu, Z.
(2009). Functional Role of S100A14 Genetic Variants and Their Association with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res.
69: 3451-3457
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pennathur, A., Farkas, A., Krasinskas, A. M., Ferson, P. F., Gooding, W. E., Gibson, M. K., Schuchert, M. J., Landreneau, R. J., Luketich, J. D.
(2009). Esophagectomy for T1 Esophageal Cancer: Outcomes in 100 Patients and Implications for Endoscopic Therapy. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
87: 1048-1055
[Abstract][Full Text]
Russo, M. J., Davies, R. R., Hong, K. N., Chen, J. M., Argenziano, M., Moskowitz, A., Ascheim, D. D., George, I., Stewart, A. S., Williams, M., Gelijns, A., Naka, Y.
(2009). Matching High-Risk Recipients With Marginal Donor Hearts Is a Clinically Effective Strategy. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
87: 1066-1071
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hiyoshi, Y., Kamohara, H., Karashima, R., Sato, N., Imamura, Y., Nagai, Y., Yoshida, N., Toyama, E., Hayashi, N., Watanabe, M., Baba, H.
(2009). MicroRNA-21 Regulates the Proliferation and Invasion in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res.
15: 1915-1922
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kim, T. J., Kim, H. Y., Lee, K. W., Kim, M. S.
(2009). Multimodality Assessment of Esophageal Cancer: Preoperative Staging and Monitoring of Response to Therapy1. RadioGraphics
29: 403-421
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ajani, J. A., Winter, K., Komaki, R., Kelsen, D. P., Minsky, B. D., Liao, Z., Bradley, J., Fromm, M., Hornback, D., Willett, C. G.
(2008). Phase II Randomized Trial of Two Nonoperative Regimens of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiation in Patients With Localized Carcinoma of the Esophagus: RTOG 0113. JCO
26: 4551-4556
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shibata, A., Matsuda, T., Ajiki, W., Sobue, T.
(2008). Trend in Incidence of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus in Japan, 1993-2001. Jpn J Clin Oncol
38: 464-468
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pennathur, A., Luketich, J. D., Landreneau, R. J., Ward, J., Christie, N. A., Gibson, M. K., Schuchert, M., Cooper, K., Land, S. R., Belani, C. P.
(2008). Long-Term Results of a Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Esophagectomy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Neoplasm. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
85: 1930-1937
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pennathur, A., Chang, A. C., McGrath, K. M., Steiner, G., Alvelo-Rivera, M., Awais, O., Gooding, W. E., Christie, N. A., Gilbert, S., Landreneau, R. J., Luketich, J. D.
(2008). Polyflex Expandable Stents in the Treatment of Esophageal Disease: Initial Experience. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
85: 1968-1973
[Abstract][Full Text]
Internullo, E., Moons, J., Nafteux, P., Coosemans, W., Decker, G., De Leyn, P., Van Raemdonck, D., Lerut, T.
(2008). Outcome after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and GEJ in patients aged over 75 years. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.
33: 1096-1104
[Abstract][Full Text]
Khushalani, N. I.
(2008). Cancer of the Esophagus and Stomach. Mayo Clin Proc.
83: 712-722
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lanuti, M., Liu, G., Goodwin, J. M., Zhai, R., Fuchs, B. C., Asomaning, K., Su, L., Nishioka, N. S., Tanabe, K. K., Christiani, D. C.
(2008). A Functional Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Polymorphism, EGF Serum Levels, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk and Outcome. Clin. Cancer Res.
14: 3216-3222
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, J., Liu, F., Gao, H., Wei, W., Zhang, X., Liang, Y., Cheng, Y.
(2008). The Symptom-to-Treatment Delay and Stage at the Time of Treatment in Cancer of Esophagus. Jpn J Clin Oncol
0: hym169v1-5
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pennathur, A., Luketich, J. D.
(2008). Resection for Esophageal Cancer: Strategies for Optimal Management. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
85: S751-S756
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, J., Sasco, A. J., Fu, C., Xue, H., Guo, G., Hua, Z., Zhou, Q., Jiang, Q., Xu, B.
(2008). Aberrant DNA Methylation of P16, MGMT, and hMLH1 Genes in Combination with MTHFR C677T Genetic Polymorphism in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
17: 118-125
[Abstract][Full Text]
Guo, Y., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., Zhou, F., Shi, S., Feng, X., Li, B., Meng, X., Ma, X., Luo, M., Shao, K., Li, N., Qiu, B., Mitchelson, K., Cheng, J., He, J.
(2008). Distinctive MicroRNA Profiles Relating to Patient Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res.
68: 26-33
[Abstract][Full Text]
Healy, L. A., Ryan, A. M., Gopinath, B., Rowley, S., Byrne, P. J., Reynolds, J. V.
(2007). Impact of obesity on outcomes in the management of localized adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction.. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
134: 1284-1291
[Abstract][Full Text]
Okawa, T., Michaylira, C. Z., Kalabis, J., Stairs, D. B., Nakagawa, H., Andl, C., Johnstone, C. N., Klein-Szanto, A. J., El-Deiry, W. S., Cukierman, E., Herlyn, M., Rustgi, A. K.
(2007). The functional interplay between EGFR overexpression, hTERT activation, and p53 mutation in esophageal epithelial cells with activation of stromal fibroblasts induces tumor development, invasion, and differentiation. Genes Dev.
21: 2788-2803
[Abstract][Full Text]
MacGuill, M. J, Barrett, C., Ravi, N., MacDonald, G., Reynolds, J. V
(2007). Isolated tumour cells in pathological node-negative lymph nodes adversely affect prognosis in cancer of the oesophagus or oesophagogastric junction. J. Clin. Pathol.
60: 1108-1111
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ekman, S., Bergqvist, M., Heldin, C.-H., Lennartsson, J.
(2007). Activation of Growth Factor Receptors in Esophageal Cancer Implications for Therapy. The Oncologist
12: 1165-1177
[Abstract][Full Text]
Whibley, C. E., McPhail, K. L., Keyzers, R. A., Maritz, M. F., Leaner, V. D., Birrer, M. J., Davies-Coleman, M. T., Hendricks, D. T.
(2007). Reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells induced by marine triprenyl toluquinones and toluhydroquinones. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
6: 2535-2543
[Abstract][Full Text]
Martin, R. C.G., Liu, Q., Wo, J. M., Ray, M. B., Li, Y.
(2007). Chemoprevention of Carcinogenic Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by the Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Supplementation. Clin. Cancer Res.
13: 5176-5182
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kang, S. Y., Han, J. H., Lee, K. J., Choi, J.-H., Park, J. I., Kim, H. I., Lee, H.-W., Jang, J. H., Park, J. S., Kim, H. C., Kang, S., Oh, Y. T., Chun, M., Kim, J. H., Sheen, S. S., Lim, H.-Y.
(2007). Low Expression of Bax Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res.
13: 4146-4153
[Abstract][Full Text]
Banki, F., Mason, R. J., Oh, D., Hagen, J. A., DeMeester, S. R., Lipham, J. C., Tanaka, K., Danenberg, K. D., Yacoub, W. N., Danenberg, P. V., DeMeester, T. R.
(2007). Plasma DNA as a Molecular Marker for Completeness of Resection and Recurrent Disease in Patients With Esophageal Cancer. Arch Surg
142: 533-539
[Abstract][Full Text]
Goldstein, B. G., Chao, H.-H., Yang, Y., Yermolina, Y. A., Tobias, J. W., Katz, J. P.
(2007). Overexpression of Kruppel-like factor 5 in esophageal epithelia in vivo leads to increased proliferation in basal but not suprabasal cells. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.
292: G1784-G1792
[Abstract][Full Text]
Imsumran, A., Adachi, Y., Yamamoto, H., Li, R., Wang, Y., Min, Y., Piao, W., Nosho, K., Arimura, Y., Shinomura, Y., Hosokawa, M., Lee, C.-T., Carbone, D. P., Imai, K.
(2007). Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as a marker for prognosis and a therapeutic target in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis
28: 947-956
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhang, H., Xu, L., Xiao, D., Xie, J., Zeng, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Niu, Y., Shen, Z., Shen, J., Wu, X., Li, E.
(2007). Upregulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: significant correlation with cell differentiation and tumour invasion. J. Clin. Pathol.
60: 555-561
[Abstract][Full Text]
Huang, J., Liang, Z. D., Wu, T.-T., Hoque, A., Chen, H., Jiang, Y., Zhang, H., Xu, X.-c.
(2007). Tumor-Suppressive Effect of Retinoid Receptor-Induced Gene-1 (RRIG1) in Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Res.
67: 1589-1593
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rouvelas, I., Lindblad, M., Zeng, W., Viklund, P., Ye, W., Lagergren, J.
(2007). Impact of Hospital Volume on Long-term Survival After Esophageal Cancer Surgery. Arch Surg
142: 113-117
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tsai, W. S., Yeow, W.-S., Chua, A., Reddy, R. M., Nguyen, D. M., Schrump, D. S., Nguyen, D. M.
(2006). Enhancement of Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in esophageal cancer cells by cisplatin. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
5: 2977-2990
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hamilton, J. P., Sato, F., Jin, Z., Greenwald, B. D., Ito, T., Mori, Y., Paun, B. C., Kan, T., Cheng, Y., Wang, S., Yang, J., Abraham, J. M., Meltzer, S. J.
(2006). Reprimo Methylation Is a Potential Biomarker of Barrett's-Associated Esophageal Neoplastic Progression.. Clin. Cancer Res.
12: 6637-6642
[Abstract][Full Text]
Izzo, J. G., Correa, A. M., Wu, T.-T., Malhotra, U., Chao, C. K.S., Luthra, R., Ensor, J., Dekovich, A., Liao, Z., Hittelman, W. N., Aggarwal, B. B., Ajani, J. A.
(2006). Pretherapy nuclear factor-{kappa}B status, chemoradiation resistance, and metastatic progression in esophageal carcinoma.. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
5: 2844-2850
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rodriguez, L A G., Lagergren, J, Lindblad, M
(2006). Gastric acid suppression and risk of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma: a nested case control study in the UK. Gut
55: 1538-1544
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fujita, Y., Nakanishi, T., Hiramatsu, M., Mabuchi, H., Miyamoto, Y., Miyamoto, A., Shimizu, A., Tanigawa, N.
(2006). Proteomics-Based Approach Identifying Autoantibody against Peroxiredoxin VI as a Novel Serum Marker in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.. Clin. Cancer Res.
12: 6415-6420
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ott, K., Weber, W. A., Lordick, F., Becker, K., Busch, R., Herrmann, K., Wieder, H., Fink, U., Schwaiger, M., Siewert, J.-R.
(2006). Metabolic Imaging Predicts Response, Survival, and Recurrence in Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagogastric Junction. JCO
24: 4692-4698
[Abstract][Full Text]
Reynolds, J. V., Ravi, N., Hollywood, D., Kennedy, M. J., Rowley, S., Ryan, A., Hughes, N., Carey, M., Byrne, P.
(2006). Neoadjuvant chemoradiation may increase the risk of respiratory complications and sepsis after transthoracic esophagectomy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
132: 549-555
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhang, H, Xu, L, Xiao, D, Xie, J, Zeng, H, Cai, W, Niu, Y, Yang, Z, Shen, Z, Li, E
(2006). Fascin is a potential biomarker for early-stage oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Pathol.
59: 958-964
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wu, X., Gu, J., Wu, T.-T., Swisher, S. G., Liao, Z., Correa, A. M., Liu, J., Etzel, C. J., Amos, C. I., Huang, M., Chiang, S. S., Milas, L., Hittelman, W. N., Ajani, J. A.
(2006). Genetic Variations in Radiation and Chemotherapy Drug Action Pathways Predict Clinical Outcomes in Esophageal Cancer. JCO
24: 3789-3798
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bonnetain, F., Bouche, O., Michel, P., Mariette, C., Conroy, T., Pezet, D., Roullet, B., Seitz, J.-F., Paillot, B., Arveux, P., Milan, C., Bedenne, L.
(2006). A comparative longitudinal quality of life study using the Spitzer quality of life index in a randomized multicenter phase III trial (FFCD 9102): chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in locally advanced squamous resectable thoracic esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol
17: 827-834
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wernli, K. J., Fitzgibbons, E. D., Ray, R. M., Gao, D. L., Li, W., Seixas, N. S., Camp, J. E., Astrakianakis, G., Feng, Z., Thomas, D. B., Checkoway, H.
(2006). Occupational Risk Factors for Esophageal and Stomach Cancers among Female Textile Workers in Shanghai, China. Am J Epidemiol
163: 717-725
[Abstract][Full Text]
Janmaat, M. L., Gallegos-Ruiz, M. I., Rodriguez, J. A., Meijer, G. A., Vervenne, W. L., Richel, D. J., Van Groeningen, C., Giaccone, G.
(2006). Predictive Factors for Outcome in a Phase II Study of Gefitinib in Second-Line Treatment of Advanced Esophageal Cancer Patients. JCO
24: 1612-1619
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nishioka, N. S., Lauwers, G. Y.
(2006). Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 10-2006. A 66-year-old woman with Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia.. NEJM
354: 1403-1409
[Full Text]
Gonzalez, C. A., Jakszyn, P., Pera, G., Agudo, A., Bingham, S., Palli, D., Ferrari, P., Boeing, H., del Giudice, G., Plebani, M., Carneiro, F., Nesi, G., Berrino, F., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Panico, S., Berglund, G., Siman, H., Nyren, O., Hallmans, G., Martinez, C., Dorronsoro, M., Barricarte, A., Navarro, C., Quiros, J. R., Allen, N., Key, T. J., Day, N. E., Linseisen, J., Nagel, G., Bergmann, M. M., Overvad, K., Jensen, M. K., Tjonneland, A., Olsen, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Ocke, M., Peeters, P. H. M., Numans, M. E., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., Trichopoulou, A., Psaltopoulou, T., Roukos, D., Lund, E., Hemon, B., Kaaks, R., Norat, T., Riboli, E.
(2006). Meat intake and risk of stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
98: 345-354
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jansson, C, Plato, N, Johansson, A L V, Nyren, O, Lagergren, J
(2006). Airborne occupational exposures and risk of oesophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma. Occup. Environ. Med.
63: 107-112
[Abstract][Full Text]
Luthra, R., Wu, T.-T., Luthra, M. G., Izzo, J., Lopez-Alvarez, E., Zhang, L., Bailey, J., Lee, J. H., Bresalier, R., Rashid, A., Swisher, S. G., Ajani, J. A.
(2006). Gene Expression Profiling of Localized Esophageal Carcinomas: Association With Pathologic Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation. JCO
24: 259-267
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cominos, M, Mosleh-Shirazi, M A, Tait, D, Henrys, A, Cornes, P
(2005). Quantification and reduction of cardiac dose in radical radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer. Br. J. Radiol.
78: 1069-1074
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barclay, C., Li, A. W., Geldenhuys, L., Baguma-Nibasheka, M., Porter, G. A., Veugelers, P. J., Murphy, P. R., Casson, A. G.
(2005). Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-2) Overexpression Is a Risk Factor for Esophageal Cancer Recurrence and Reduced Survival, which Is Ameliorated by Coexpression of the FGF-2 Antisense Gene. Clin. Cancer Res.
11: 7683-7691
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tew, W. P., Kelsen, D. P., Ilson, D. H.
(2005). Targeted Therapies for Esophageal Cancer. The Oncologist
10: 590-601
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lightdale, C. J., Kulkarni, K. G.
(2005). Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Staging and Follow-Up of Esophageal Cancer. JCO
23: 4483-4489
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jansson, C., Johansson, A. L.V., Nyren, O., Lagergren, J.
(2005). Socioeconomic Factors and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Nationwide Swedish Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
14: 1754-1761
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cao, B., Tian, X., Li, Y., Jiang, P., Ning, T., Xing, H., Zhao, Y., Zhang, C., Shi, X., Chen, D., Shen, Y., Ke, Y.
(2005). LMP7/TAP2 gene polymorphisms and HPV infection in esophageal carcinoma patients from a high incidence area in China. Carcinogenesis
26: 1280-1284
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cerfolio, R. J., Bryant, A. S., Ohja, B., Bartolucci, A. A., Eloubeidi, M. A.
(2005). The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration, integrated positron emission tomography with computed tomography, and computed tomography in restaging patients with esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
129: 1232-1241
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ohigashi, Y., Sho, M., Yamada, Y., Tsurui, Y., Hamada, K., Ikeda, N., Mizuno, T., Yoriki, R., Kashizuka, H., Yane, K., Tsushima, F., Otsuki, N., Yagita, H., Azuma, M., Nakajima, Y.
(2005). Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1 Ligand-1 and Programmed Death-1 Ligand-2 Expression in Human Esophageal Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.
11: 2947-2953
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stahl, M., Stuschke, M., Lehmann, N., Meyer, H.-J., Walz, M. K., Seeber, S., Klump, B., Budach, W., Teichmann, R., Schmitt, M., Schmitt, G., Franke, C., Wilke, H.
(2005). Chemoradiation With and Without Surgery in Patients With Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. JCO
23: 2310-2317
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kesler, K. A., Helft, P. R., Werner, E. A., Jain, N. P., Brooks, J. A., DeWitt, J. M., Leblanc, J. K., Fineberg, N. S., Einhorn, L. H., Brown, J. W.
(2005). A Retrospective Analysis of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy Followed by Surgery or Surgery Alone. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
79: 1116-1121
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chirieac, L. R., Swisher, S. G., Correa, A. M., Ajani, J. A., Komaki, R. R., Rashid, A., Hamilton, S. R., Wu, T.-T.
(2005). Signet-Ring Cell or Mucinous Histology after Preoperative Chemoradiation and Survival in Patients with Esophageal or Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res.
11: 2229-2236
[Abstract][Full Text]
Krakauer, E. L., Zhu, A. X., Bounds, B. C., Sahani, D., McDonald, K. R., Brachtel, E. F.
(2005). Case 6-2005 - A 58-Year-Old Man with Esophageal Cancer and Nausea, Vomiting, and Intractable Hiccups. NEJM
352: 817-825
[Full Text]
Xia, H. H.-X., Zhang, S. T., Lam, S. K., Lin, M. C.-M., Kung, H. F., Wong, B. C.-Y.
(2005). Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and effects of bile acids and NSAIDs. Carcinogenesis
26: 11-15
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lawler, K., Meade, G., O'Sullivan, G., Kenny, D.
(2004). Shear stress modulates the interaction of platelet-secreted matrix proteins with tumor cells through the integrin {alpha}v{beta}3. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.
287: C1320-C1327
[Abstract][Full Text]
Saletti, P., Ghielmini, M., Martinoli, S., Goldhirsch, A.
(2004). Sustained complete remission of metastatic oesophageal adenocarcinoma using long-term therapy with 5-fluorouracil. Ann Oncol
15: 1145-1146
[Full Text]
Mohammed, F., Scherubl, H., Zeitz, M., Argyres, M. I., Enzinger, P. C., Mayer, R. J.
(2004). Esophageal Cancer. NEJM
350: 1363-1364
[Full Text]
Previous
