FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 349:275-286 July 17, 2003 Number 3 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text Purchase this article Perspective by Daley, G. Q. Editorial by Drazen, J. M. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited E-mail When Letters Appear PubMed Citation

Nuclear cloning, also referred to as nuclear transfer or nuclear transplantation, denotes the introduction of a nucleus from an adult donor cell into an enucleated oocyte to generate a cloned embryo. When transferred to the uterus of a female recipient, this embryo has the potential to grow into an infant that is a clone of the adult donor cell, a process termed "reproductive cloning." However, when explanted in culture, this embryo can give rise to embryonic stem cells that have the potential to become any or almost any type of cell present in the adult body. Because embryonic stem cells . . . [Full Text of this Article]

The State of the Art of Nuclear Cloning

Common Abnormalities in Cloned Animals

Faulty Epigenetic Reprogramming in Clones

Prezygotic Reprogramming

Postzygotic Reprogramming

Differentiation and Cloning Efficiency

Terminally Differentiated Cells Remain Totipotent

Therapeutic Potential of Nuclear Transplantation

Reproductive Cloning versus Therapeutic Cloning

Differentiation into Functional Cells

Combining Nuclear Cloning with Gene and Cell Therapy

Limitations and Alternatives

Faulty Reprogramming in Clones as a Potential Impediment to Therapeutic Applications

Adult Stem Cells as an Alternative to Therapeutic Cloning

The Requirement for Human Oocytes

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (K.H., R.J.) and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (R.J.) — both in Cambridge.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Jaenisch at the Whitehead Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, or at jaenisch@wi.mit.edu.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Wernig, M., Zhao, J.-P., Pruszak, J., Hedlund, E., Fu, D., Soldner, F., Broccoli, V., Constantine-Paton, M., Isacson, O., Jaenisch, R. (2008). Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 5856-5861 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Niemann, H., Tian, X C., King, W A., Lee, R. S F (2008). Epigenetic reprogramming in embryonic and foetal development upon somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning. Reproduction 135: 151-163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• French, A. J., Adams, C. A., Anderson, L. S., Kitchen, J. R., Hughes, M. R., Wood, S. H. (2008). Development of Human Cloned Blastocysts Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer with Adult Fibroblasts. Stem Cells 26: 485-493 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ordway, J.M., Bedell, J.A., Citek, R.W., Nunberg, A., Garrido, A., Kendall, R., Stevens, J.R., Cao, D., Doerge, R.W., Korshunova, Y., Holemon, H., McPherson, J.D., Lakey, N., Leon, J., Martienssen, R.A., Jeddeloh, J.A. (2006). Comprehensive DNA methylation profiling in a human cancer genome identifies novel epigenetic targets. Carcinogenesis 27: 2409-2423 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, X.-y., Li, H., Ma, Q.-w., Yan, J.-b., Zhao, J.-g., Li, H.-w., Shen, H.-q., Liu, H.-f., Huang, Y., Huang, S.-Z., Zeng, Y.-T., Zeng, F. (2006). Improved efficiency of bovine cloning by autologous somatic cell nuclear transfer.. Reproduction 132: 733-739 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shen, Y., Chow, J., Wang, Z., Fan, G. (2006). Abnormal CpG island methylation occurs during in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Hum Mol Genet 15: 2623-2635 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schulz, R., Menheniott, T. R., Woodfine, K., Wood, A. J., Choi, J. D., Oakey, R. J. (2006). Chromosome-wide identification of novel imprinted genes using microarrays and uniparental disomies. Nucleic Acids Res 34: e88-e88 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pritsker, M., Ford, N. R., Jenq, H. T., Lemischka, I. R. (2006). Genomewide gain-of-function genetic screen identifies functionally active genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 6946-6951 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Master, Z. (2006). Embryonic stem-cell gametes: the new frontier in human reproduction. Hum Reprod 21: 857-863 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lensch, M. W., Daley, G. Q. (2006). Scientific and clinical opportunities for modeling blood disorders with embryonic stem cells. Blood 107: 2605-2612 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brambrink, T., Hochedlinger, K., Bell, G., Jaenisch, R. (2006). ES cells derived from cloned and fertilized blastocysts are transcriptionally and functionally indistinguishable. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 933-938 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brodie, J. C., Humes, H. D. (2005). Stem Cell Approaches for the Treatment of Renal Failure. Pharmacol. Rev. 57: 299-313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cowan, C. A., Atienza, J., Melton, D. A., Eggan, K. (2005). Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Cells After Fusion with Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Science 309: 1369-1373 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Keller, G. (2005). Embryonic stem cell differentiation: emergence of a new era in biology and medicine. Genes Dev. 19: 1129-1155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wobus, A. M., Boheler, K. R. (2005). Embryonic Stem Cells: Prospects for Developmental Biology and Cell Therapy. Physiol. Rev. 85: 635-678 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jaenisch, R. (2004). Human Cloning -- The Science and Ethics of Nuclear Transplantation. NEJM 351: 2787-2791 [Full Text]  
• Hochedlinger, K., Blelloch, R., Brennan, C., Yamada, Y., Kim, M., Chin, L., Jaenisch, R. (2004). Reprogramming of a melanoma genome by nuclear transplantation. Genes Dev. 18: 1875-1885 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koh, C. J., Atala, A. (2004). Tissue Engineering, Stem Cells, and Cloning: Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15: 1113-1125 [Full Text]  
• Strom, T. B., Field, L. J., Ruediger, M. (2004). Allogeneic Stem Cell-Derived "Repair Unit" Therapy and the Barriers to Clinical Deployment. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15: 1133-1139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Garcia-Olmo, D., Garcia-Olmo, M.-A., Rosenthal, N. (2003). The Vulture and Stem Cells. NEJM 349: 1480-1481 [Full Text]  
• Mombaerts, P. (2003). Therapeutic cloning in the mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 11924-11925 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schatten, G., Navara, C., Payne, C., Capuano, S., Gosman, G., Chong, K.-Y., Takahashi, D., Chace, C., Hewitson, L., Simerly, C., Compton, D., Dominko, T. (2003). Response to Comment on "Molecular Correlates of Primate Nuclear Transfer Failures". Science 301: 1482c-1482c [Full Text]