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Though it might seem like the ultimate reductionist approach, the sequencing of the human genome is in fact a major advance toward achieving an integrated understanding of physiology. Contrary to the commonly used metaphor, a genome is not a ladder with genes as rungs. There is complexity to the structure and organization of the genome, just as there is complexity to the developmental, metabolic, and other pathways that make up biologic systems. Genomics, and its sibling proteomics, provide essential tools for moving beyond the characterization of individual components of these complex systems and beginning the task of understanding how they
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