FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 349:570-582 August 7, 2003 Number 6 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text Purchase this article Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited E-mail When Letters Appear PubMed Citation

Adult human stem cells that are intrinsic to various tissues have been described and characterized, some of them only recently. These cells are capable of maintaining, generating, and replacing terminally differentiated cells within their own specific tissue as a consequence of physiologic cell turnover or tissue damage due to injury.¹ Hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to blood cells and move between bone marrow and peripheral blood are the best-characterized adult stem cells in humans. Recent data suggest that adult stem cells generate differentiated cells beyond their own tissue boundaries, a process termed "developmental plasticity." In this review we focus . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Adult Stem Cells and Their Potential for Developmental Plasticity

Preclinical in Vivo Studies

Adult Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow

Adult Stem Cells Derived from Peripheral Blood

Clinical in Vivo Studies

Adult Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood

Limitations in Identifying Chimeric Cells

Reports That Question Developmental Plasticity

Cell Fusion

Models of Differentiation of Adult Stem Cells into Solid-Organ–Specific Cells

Potential Role of Circulating Adult Stem Cells in Tissue Repair

Mechanisms of Stem-Cell Recruitment and Differentiation

A Clinical Model of Solid-Organ Tissue Generated by Circulating Stem Cells

Potential Clinical Applications

Embryonic Stem Cells

Conclusions and Outlook

Source Information

From the Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (M.K.) and the Department of Bioimmunotherapy (Z.E.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Körbling at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Unit 423, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, or at mkorblin@mdanderson.org.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Kohler, A., Schmithorst, V., Filippi, M.-D., Ryan, M. A., Daria, D., Gunzer, M., Geiger, H. (2009). Altered cellular dynamics and endosteal location of aged early hematopoietic progenitor cells revealed by time-lapse intravital imaging in long bones. Blood 114: 290-298 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cao, F., Sun, D., Li, C., Narsinh, K., Zhao, L., Li, X., Feng, X., Zhang, J., Duan, Y., Wang, J., Liu, D., Wang, H. (2009). Long-term myocardial functional improvement after autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: 4 years follow-up. Eur Heart J 0: ehp220v1-ehp220 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stellos, K., Bigalke, B., Langer, H., Geisler, T., Schad, A., Kogel, A., Pfaff, F., Stakos, D., Seizer, P., Muller, I., Htun, P., Lindemann, S., Gawaz, M. (2009). Expression of stromal-cell-derived factor-1 on circulating platelets is increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome and correlates with the number of CD34+ progenitor cells. Eur Heart J 30: 584-593 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, C. Y., Kimura, H., Landek-Salgado, M. A., Hagedorn, J., Kimura, M., Suzuki, K., Westra, W., Rose, N. R., Caturegli, P. (2009). Regenerative Potentials of the Murine Thyroid in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis: Role of CD24. Endocrinology 150: 492-499 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schober, A. (2008). Chemokines in Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1950-1959 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brezillon, N., Kremsdorf, D., Weiss, M. C. (2008). Cell therapy for the diseased liver: from stem cell biology to novel models for hepatotropic human pathogens. DMM 1: 113-130 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fierabracci, A., Puglisi, M. A., Giuliani, L., Mattarocci, S., Gallinella-Muzi, M. (2008). Identification of an adult stem/progenitor cell-like population in the human thyroid. J Endocrinol 198: 471-487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Povsic, T. J., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. J. (2008). Review: Endothelial progenitor cells: markers of vascular reparative capacity. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2: 199-213 [Abstract]  
• Mifune, Y., Matsumoto, T., Kawamoto, A., Kuroda, R., Shoji, T., Iwasaki, H., Kwon, S.-M., Miwa, M., Kurosaka, M., Asahara, T. (2008). Local Delivery of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor-Mobilized CD34-Positive Progenitor Cells Using Bioscaffold for Modality of Unhealing Bone Fracture. Stem Cells 26: 1395-1405 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ricci-Vitiani, L, Pagliuca, A, Palio, E, Zeuner, A, De Maria, R (2008). Colon cancer stem cells. Gut 57: 538-548 [Full Text]  
• Tillmanns, J., Rota, M., Hosoda, T., Misao, Y., Esposito, G., Gonzalez, A., Vitale, S., Parolin, C., Yasuzawa-Amano, S., Muraski, J., De Angelis, A., LeCapitaine, N., Siggins, R. W., Loredo, M., Bearzi, C., Bolli, R., Urbanek, K., Leri, A., Kajstura, J., Anversa, P. (2008). Formation of large coronary arteries by cardiac progenitor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 1668-1673 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stellos, K., Langer, H., Daub, K., Schoenberger, T., Gauss, A., Geisler, T., Bigalke, B., Mueller, I., Schumm, M., Schaefer, I., Seizer, P., Kraemer, B. F., Siegel-Axel, D., May, A. E., Lindemann, S., Gawaz, M. (2008). Platelet-Derived Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Regulates Adhesion and Promotes Differentiation of Human CD34+ Cells to Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Circulation 117: 206-215 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomita, T., Kanai, T., Nemoto, Y., Totsuka, T., Okamoto, R., Tsuchiya, K., Sakamoto, N., Watanabe, M. (2008). Systemic, but Not Intestinal, IL-7 Is Essential for the Persistence of Chronic Colitis. J. Immunol. 180: 383-390 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ono, M., Maruyama, T., Masuda, H., Kajitani, T., Nagashima, T., Arase, T., Ito, M., Ohta, K., Uchida, H., Asada, H., Yoshimura, Y., Okano, H., Matsuzaki, Y. (2007). Side population in human uterine myometrium displays phenotypic and functional characteristics of myometrial stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 18700-18705 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Medina, A., Kilani, R. T., Carr, N., Brown, E., Ghahary, A. (2007). Transdifferentiation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells into Epithelial-Like Cells. Am. J. Pathol. 171: 1140-1152 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tse, H.-F., Lau, C.-P. (2007). Therapeutic Angiogenesis With Bone Marrow--Derived Stem Cells. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 12: 89-97 [Abstract]  
• Khurana, S., Mukhopadhyay, A. (2007). Characterization of the Potential Subpopulation of Bone Marrow Cells Involved in the Repair of Injured Liver Tissue. Stem Cells 25: 1439-1447 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ries, C., Egea, V., Karow, M., Kolb, H., Jochum, M., Neth, P. (2007). MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 are essential for the invasive capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells: differential regulation by inflammatory cytokines. Blood 109: 4055-4063 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lue, Y., Erkkila, K., Liu, P. Y., Ma, K., Wang, C., Hikim, A. S., Swerdloff, R. S. (2007). Fate of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Transplanted into the Testis: Potential Implication for Men with Testicular Failure. Am. J. Pathol. 170: 899-908 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gargett, C.E. (2007). Uterine stem cells: What is the evidence?. Hum Reprod Update 13: 87-101 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yen, M.-l., Chien, C.-C., Chiu, I.-m., Huang, H.-I, Chen, Y.-C., Hu, H.-I, Yen, B. L. (2007). Multilineage Differentiation and Characterization of the Human Fetal Osteoblastic 1.19 Cell Line: A Possible In Vitro Model of Human Mesenchymal Progenitors. Stem Cells 25: 125-131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Steinhoff, G., Choi, Y.-H., Stamm, C. (2006). Intramyocardial bone marrow stem cell treatment for myocardial regeneration. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: H32-H39 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lemoli, R. M., Catani, L., Talarico, S., Loggi, E., Gramenzi, A., Baccarani, U., Fogli, M., Grazi, G. L., Aluigi, M., Marzocchi, G., Bernardi, M., Pinna, A., Bresadola, F., Baccarani, M., Andreone, P. (2006). Mobilization of Bone Marrow-Derived Hematopoietic and Endothelial Stem Cells After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation and Liver Resection. Stem Cells 24: 2817-2825 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, K. H., Liu, Y. L., Zhou, B., Han, Z. C. (2006). Cellular therapy and myocardial tissue engineering: the role of adult stem and progenitor cells. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 30: 770-781 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miura, Y., Gao, Z., Miura, M., Seo, B.-M., Sonoyama, W., Chen, W., Gronthos, S., Zhang, L., Shi, S. (2006). Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Organized Bone Marrow Elements: An Alternative Hematopoietic Progenitor Resource. Stem Cells 24: 2428-2436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matsumoto, T., Kawamoto, A., Kuroda, R., Ishikawa, M., Mifune, Y., Iwasaki, H., Miwa, M., Horii, M., Hayashi, S., Oyamada, A., Nishimura, H., Murasawa, S., Doita, M., Kurosaka, M., Asahara, T. (2006). Therapeutic Potential of Vasculogenesis and Osteogenesis Promoted by Peripheral Blood CD34-Positive Cells for Functional Bone Healing. Am. J. Pathol. 169: 1440-1457 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lunde, K., Solheim, S., Aakhus, S., Arnesen, H., Abdelnoor, M., Egeland, T., Endresen, K., Ilebekk, A., Mangschau, A., Fjeld, J. G., Smith, H. J., Taraldsrud, E., Grogaard, H. K., Bjornerheim, R., Brekke, M., Muller, C., Hopp, E., Ragnarsson, A., Brinchmann, J. E., Forfang, K. (2006). Intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction.. NEJM 355: 1199-1209 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bottio, T., Vida, V., Padalino, M., Gerosa, G., Stellin, G. (2006). Early and long-term prognostic value of Troponin-I after cardiac surgery in newborns and children.. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 30: 250-255 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kang, W. J., Kang, H.-J., Kim, H.-S., Chung, J.-K., Lee, M. C., Lee, D. S. (2006). Tissue Distribution of 18F-FDG-Labeled Peripheral Hematopoietic Stem Cells After Intracoronary Administration in Patients with Myocardial Infarction. JNM 47: 1295-1301 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Neth, P., Ciccarella, M., Egea, V., Hoelters, J., Jochum, M., Ries, C. (2006). Wnt Signaling Regulates the Invasion Capacity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 24: 1892-1903 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Valverde-Franco, G., Binette, J.S., Li, W., Wang, H., Chai, S., Laflamme, F., Tran-Khanh, N., Quenneville, E., Meijers, T., Poole, A.R., Mort, J.S., Buschmann, M.D., Henderson, J.E. (2006). Defects in articular cartilage metabolism and early arthritis in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 15: 1783-1792 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weiss, D. J., Berberich, M. A., Borok, Z., Gail, D. B., Kolls, J. K., Penland, C., Prockop, D. J. (2006). Adult Stem Cells, Lung Biology, and Lung Disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 3: 193-207 [Full Text]  
• Hennessy, B. T., Giordano, S., Broglio, K., Duan, Z., Trent, J., Buchholz, T. A., Babiera, G., Hortobagyi, G. N., Valero, V. (2006). Biphasic metaplastic sarcomatoid carcinoma of the breast. Ann Oncol 17: 605-613 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anversa, P., Kajstura, J., Leri, A., Bolli, R. (2006). Life and Death of Cardiac Stem Cells: A Paradigm Shift in Cardiac Biology. Circulation 113: 1451-1463 [Full Text]  
• Rigolin, G. M., Fraulini, C., Ciccone, M., Mauro, E., Bugli, A. M., De Angeli, C., Negrini, M., Cuneo, A., Castoldi, G. (2006). Neoplastic circulating endothelial cells in multiple myeloma with 13q14 deletion. Blood 107: 2531-2535 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsai, M.-S., Hwang, S.-M., Tsai, Y.-L., Cheng, F.-C., Lee, J.-L., Chang, Y.-J. (2006). Clonal Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells Express Characteristics of Both Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cells. Biol. Reprod. 74: 545-551 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Raikwar, S. P., Mueller, T., Zavazava, N. (2006). Strategies for Developing Therapeutic Application of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Physiology 21: 19-28 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Blocklet, D., Toungouz, M., Berkenboom, G., Lambermont, M., Unger, P., Preumont, N., Stoupel, E., Egrise, D., Degaute, J.-P., Goldman, M., Goldman, S. (2006). Myocardial Homing of Nonmobilized Peripheral-Blood CD34+ Cells After Intracoronary Injection. Stem Cells 24: 333-336 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ravandi, F., Estrov, Z. (2006). Eradication of Leukemia Stem Cells as a New Goal of Therapy in Leukemia. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 340-344 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Loi, R., Beckett, T., Goncz, K. K., Suratt, B. T., Weiss, D. J. (2006). Limited Restoration of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Epithelium In Vivo with Adult Bone Marrow-derived Cells. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173: 171-179 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Karra, R., Vemullapalli, S., Dong, C., Herderick, E. E., Song, X., Slosek, K., Nevins, J. R., West, M., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. J., Seo, D. (2005). Molecular evidence for arterial repair in atherosclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 16789-16794 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hennessy, B. T., Krishnamurthy, S., Giordano, S., Buchholz, T. A., Kau, S. W., Duan, Z., Valero, V., Hortobagyi, G. N. (2005). Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast. JCO 23: 7827-7835 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Seo, B.-M., Miura, M., Sonoyama, W., Coppe, C., Stanyon, R., Shi, S. (2005). Recovery of Stem Cells from Cryopreserved Periodontal Ligament. JDR 84: 907-912 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burnham, E. L., Taylor, W. R., Quyyumi, A. A., Rojas, M., Brigham, K. L., Moss, M. (2005). Increased Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are Associated with Survival in Acute Lung Injury. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 854-860 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kucia, M., Reca, R., Miekus, K., Wanzeck, J., Wojakowski, W., Janowska-Wieczorek, A., Ratajczak, J., Ratajczak, M. Z. (2005). Trafficking of Normal Stem Cells and Metastasis of Cancer Stem Cells Involve Similar Mechanisms: Pivotal Role of the SDF-1-CXCR4 Axis. Stem Cells 23: 879-894 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Togel, F., Hu, Z., Weiss, K., Isaac, J., Lange, C., Westenfelder, C. (2005). Administered mesenchymal stem cells protect against ischemic acute renal failure through differentiation-independent mechanisms. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 289: F31-F42 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dzau, V. J., Gnecchi, M., Pachori, A. S., Morello, F., Melo, L. G. (2005). Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Cardiovascular Diseases. Hypertension 46: 7-18 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Urbanek, K., Torella, D., Sheikh, F., De Angelis, A., Nurzynska, D., Silvestri, F., Beltrami, C. A., Bussani, R., Beltrami, A. P., Quaini, F., Bolli, R., Leri, A., Kajstura, J., Anversa, P. (2005). Myocardial regeneration by activation of multipotent cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart failure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 8692-8697 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sutherland, F. W.H., Perry, T. E., Yu, Y., Sherwood, M. C., Rabkin, E., Masuda, Y., Garcia, G. A., McLellan, D. L., Engelmayr, G. C. Jr, Sacks, M. S., Schoen, F. J., Mayer, J. E. Jr (2005). From Stem Cells to Viable Autologous Semilunar Heart Valve. Circulation 111: 2783-2791 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Davidson, D., Blanc, A., Filion, D., Wang, H., Plut, P., Pfeffer, G., Buschmann, M. D., Henderson, J. E. (2005). Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 18 Signals through FGF Receptor 3 to Promote Chondrogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 20509-20515 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakamizo, A., Marini, F., Amano, T., Khan, A., Studeny, M., Gumin, J., Chen, J., Hentschel, S., Vecil, G., Dembinski, J., Andreeff, M., Lang, F. F. (2005). Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Gliomas. Cancer Res. 65: 3307-3318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schachinger, V., Zeiher, A. M. (2005). Stem Cells and Cardiovascular and Renal Disease: Today and Tomorrow. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 16: S2-S6 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gangji, V., Hauzeur, J.-P. (2005). Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head with Implantation of Autologous Bone-Marrow Cells. JBJS 87: 106-112 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yen, B. L., Huang, H.-I, Chien, C.-C., Jui, H.-Y., Ko, B.-S., Yao, M., Shun, C.-T., Yen, M.-l., Lee, M.-C., Chen, Y.-C. (2005). Isolation of Multipotent Cells from Human Term Placenta. Stem Cells 23: 3-9 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kucia, M., Dawn, B., Hunt, G., Guo, Y., Wysoczynski, M., Majka, M., Ratajczak, J., Rezzoug, F., Ildstad, S. T., Bolli, R., Ratajczak, M. Z. (2004). Cells Expressing Early Cardiac Markers Reside in the Bone Marrow and Are Mobilized Into the Peripheral Blood After Myocardial Infarction. Circ. Res. 95: 1191-1199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakamura, N., Horibe, S., Iwahashi, T., Kawano, K., Shino, K., Yoshikawa, H. (2004). Healing of a Chondral Fragment of the Knee in an Adolescent After Internal Fixation. A Case Report. JBJS 86: 2741-2746 [Full Text]  
• Mengel, M., Jonigk, D., Wilkens, L., Radermacher, J., von Wasielewski, R., Lehmann, U., Haller, H., Mihatsch, M., Kreipe, H. (2004). Chimerism of Metanephric Adenoma but Not of Carcinoma in Kidney Transplants. Am. J. Pathol. 165: 2079-2085 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anversa, P., Kajstura, J., Leri, A. (2004). Circulating Progenitor Cells: Search for an Identity. Circulation 110: 3158-3160 [Full Text]  
• Lew, W. Y.W. (2004). Mobilizing cells to the injured myocardium: A novel rescue strategy or an unwelcome intrusion?. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 1521-1522 [Full Text]  
• Arriero, M., Brodsky, S. V., Gealekman, O., Lucas, P. A., Goligorsky, M. S. (2004). Adult skeletal muscle stem cells differentiate into endothelial lineage and ameliorate renal dysfunction after acute ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 287: F621-F627 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aoki, S., Toda, S., Ando, T., Sugihara, H. (2004). Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Preadipocytes, and Dermal Fibroblasts Promote Epidermal Regeneration in Their Distinctive Fashions. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 4647-4657 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rodeo, S. A., Maher, S. A., Hidaka, C. (2004). What's New in Orthopaedic Research. JBJS 86: 2085-2095 [Full Text]  
• Tsai, M.-S., Lee, J.-L., Chang, Y.-J., Hwang, S.-M. (2004). Isolation of human multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from second-trimester amniotic fluid using a novel two-stage culture protocol. Hum Reprod 19: 1450-1456 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mengel, M., Jonigk, D., Marwedel, M., Kleeberger, W., Bredt, M., Bock, O., Lehmann, U., Gwinner, W., Haller, H., Kreipe, H. (2004). Tubular Chimerism Occurs Regularly in Renal Allografts and Is Not Correlated to Outcome. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15: 978-986 [Abstract] [Full Text]