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Previous Volume 350:48-58 January 1, 2004 Number 1 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Diabetic retinopathy is the most severe of the several ocular complications of diabetes. Advances in treatment over the past 40 years have greatly reduced the risk of blindness from this disease, but because diabetes is so common (affecting approximately 6 percent of the U.S. population¹), retinopathy remains an important problem.

Clinical and Histopathological Manifestations

The earliest clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy are microaneurysms, small outpouchings from retinal capillaries, and dot intraretinal hemorrhages. These signs are present in nearly all persons who have had type 1 diabetes for 20 years² and in nearly 80 percent of those with type 2 disease of this duration.³ . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Current Approaches to Prevention and Treatment

Proposed Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Therapies

VEGF

Pigment-Epithelium–Derived Factor

Inhibitors of Growth Hormone Action

Genetic Influences on Diabetic Retinopathy

New Diagnostic Methods

Optical Coherence Tomography

Measurements of Retinal Blood Flow, Vascular Leakage, and Oxygenation

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Frank at the Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St. Antoine Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, or at rnfrank@med.wayne.edu.

Related Letters:

Diabetic Retinopathy
Stefánsson E., Frank R. N.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2525-2526, Jun 10, 2004. Correspondence

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