The rate of success in the treatment of acute lymphoblasticleukemia (ALL) has increased steadily since the 1960s. The five-yearevent-free survival rate is nearly 80 percent for children withALL and approximately 40 percent for adults (Table 1).1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9If we include cases of relapsed ALL that respond well to so-calledremission retrieval therapy, the rates of cure (defined by theabsence of evidence of disease for at least 10 years) with theuse of modern treatments are about 80 percent for children and40 percent for adults.10,11 Attempts to boost cure rates furtherwith the use of . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Molecular Genetic Alterations
Primary Abnormalities
Chimeric Transcription Factors
The TEL-AML1 Fusion Gene
Translocations Involving the MLL Gene
Other HOX Genes and HOX Cofactors
Cooperative Mutations
The FLT-3 Receptor
The Retinoblastoma Pathways
TP53
Prognostic Factors
Sensitivity to Chemotherapy
Influence of Age
Gene-Expression Profiling
Molecular Epidemiology
In Utero Development of All
Age at Presentation
Genetic Polymorphisms
Detoxifying Enzymes
Folate-Metabolizing Enzymes
Pharmacogenetics
Future Directions
Source Information
From the Departments of Hematology/Oncology (C.-H.P.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.V.R.), and Pathology (C.-H.P., J.R.D.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; and the Colleges of Medicine (C.-H.P., M.V.R., J.R.D.) and Pharmacy (M.V.R.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center both in Memphis.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Pui at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale St., Memphis, TN 38105, or at ching-hon.pui@stjude.org.
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