This year marks the 50th anniversary of the first successfulkidney transplantation from a living donor to his identicaltwin. Over the ensuing five decades, kidney transplantationhas progressed from an experimental procedure to a widely acceptedtreatment for end-stage renal disease. The practice of kidneytransplantation has also evolved remarkably, no longer dependingon the unpredictable availability of a deceased organ donor;kidney transplantation from living donors has become the predominantapproach. The superior outcomes of transplantation from livingdonors and the advent of laparoscopic nephrectomy (which carriesminimal risk for healthy donors) have propelled this changein practice.
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