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Previous Volume 351:2203-2217 November 18, 2004 Number 21 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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More than 30,000 peer-reviewed articles on histamine and the H₁-antihistamines have been published since this subject was last reviewed in the Journal a decade ago.¹ The role of histamine in neurotransmission,^2,3,4 allergic inflammation,^{5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12} and immune modulation^{9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19} has been further elucidated since that time. The human H₁-histamine and H₂-histamine receptors were cloned and characterized in the early 1990s,^20,21 as were the human H₃-histamine and H₄-histamine receptors several years ago.^22,23

H₁-antihistamines, historically known as histamine H₁-receptor blockers or antagonists, are specific for the H₁-receptor. In addition, some H₁-antihistamines inhibit transmission through the muscarinic, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Histamine

Role in Human Health

Allergic Inflammation and Immune Modulation

Types of Histamine Receptors

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology

Inverse Agonism and Classification Systems

Antiallergic and Antiinflammatory Activities

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Adverse Effects

Efficacy

Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis

Other Airway Disorders

Urticaria

Other Allergic and Immunologic Disorders

Disorders of the Central Nervous System and Vestibular Disorders

Potential Adverse Effects

Central Nervous System Toxicity

Cardiac Toxicity

Other Adverse Effects and Concerns

Future Directions

Source Information

From the Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Immunology, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research National Allergy and Asthma Training Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Simons at 820 Sherbrook St., Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada, or at lmcniven@hsc.mb.ca.

Related Letters:

H₁-Antihistamines
Lee D. K.C., Currie G. P., Lipworth B. J., Altschuler E. L., Kast R. E., Simons F. E. R.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1155-1157, Mar 17, 2005. Correspondence

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