Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease

doi:10.1056/NEJMra043430

Volume 352:1685-1695		April 21, 2005		Number 16

Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease

Göran K. Hansson, M.D., Ph.D.

Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

Full Text

PDF

PDA Full Text

Purchase this article

Letters

Add to Personal Archive

Add to Citation Manager

Notify a Friend

E-mail When Cited

E-mail When Letters Appear

PubMed Citation

Recent research has shown that inflammation plays a key rolein coronary artery disease (CAD) and other manifestations ofatherosclerosis. Immune cells dominate early atheroscleroticlesions, their effector molecules accelerate progression ofthe lesions, and activation of inflammation can elicit acutecoronary syndromes. This review highlights the role of inflammationin the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic CAD. It will recountthe evidence that atherosclerosis, the main cause of CAD, isan inflammatory disease in which immune mechanisms interactwith metabolic risk factors to initiate, propagate, and activatelesions in the arterial tree.

A decade ago, the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. . . [Full Text of this Article]

Main Features of Atherosclerotic Lesions

Evolution of the Rupture-Prone Atherosclerotic Plaque

Gene-Targeted Mouse Models

Lipoprotein Retention and Activation of Immune Cells

Role of Endothelial Activation, Adhesion Molecules, and Chemokines

Macrophages in the Developing Plaque

T-Cell Activation and Vascular Inflammation

Antiinflammatory Factors and Disease Activity

Cross-Talk between Inflammation and Metabolism

Infections and CAD

Acute Coronary Syndromes

Mechanisms of Plaque Rupture

Systemic Indicators of Inflammation

Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of CAD

Therapeutic Opportunities

Source Information

From the Karolinska Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Hansson at the Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden, or at goran.hansson@cmm.ki.se.

Related Letters:

Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease
García de Tena J., Kriszbacher I., Koppán M., Bódis J., Hansson G. K.
Extract | Full Text | PDF
N Engl J Med 2005; 353:429-430, Jul 28, 2005. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

Elliott, P., Chambers, J. C., Zhang, W., Clarke, R., Hopewell, J. C., Peden, J. F., Erdmann, J., Braund, P., Engert, J. C., Bennett, D., Coin, L., Ashby, D., Tzoulaki, I., Brown, I. J., Mt-Isa, S., McCarthy, M. I., Peltonen, L., Freimer, N. B., Farrall, M., Ruokonen, A., Hamsten, A., Lim, N., Froguel, P., Waterworth, D. M., Vollenweider, P., Waeber, G., Jarvelin, M.-R., Mooser, V., Scott, J., Hall, A. S., Schunkert, H., Anand, S. S., Collins, R., Samani, N. J., Watkins, H., Kooner, J. S. (2009). Genetic Loci Associated With C-Reactive Protein Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA 302: 37-48 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Estruch, R, Martinez-Gonzalez, M A, Corella, D, Basora-Gallisa, J, Ruiz-Gutierrez, V, Covas, M I, Fiol, M, Gomez-Gracia, E, Lopez-Sabater, M C, Escoda, R, Pena, M A, Diez-Espino, J, Lahoz, C, Lapetra, J, Saez, G, Ros, E, on behalf of the PREDIMED Study Investigators, (2009). Effects of dietary fibre intake on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in subjects at high risk. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 63: 582-588 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Frenkel, D., Pachori, A. S., Zhang, L., Dembinsky-Vaknin, A., Farfara, D., Petrovic-Stojkovic, S., Dzau, V. J., Weiner, H. L. (2009). Nasal vaccination with troponin reduces troponin specific T-cell responses and improves heart function in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunol 21: 817-829 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schneider, D. J., Taatjes-Sommer, H. S. (2009). Augmentation of Megakaryocyte Expression of Fc{gamma}RIIa by Interferon {gamma}. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 29: 1138-1143 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Abedini, S., Holme, I., Marz, W., Weihrauch, G., Fellstrom, B., Jardine, A., Cole, E., Maes, B., Neumayer, H.-H., Gronhagen-Riska, C., Ambuhl, P., Holdaas, H., on behalf of the ALERT study group, (2009). Inflammation in Renal Transplantation. CJASN 4: 1246-1254 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kovesdy, C. P., Kalantar-Zadeh, K. (2009). Do Genes Allow Inflammation to Kill or Not to Kill?. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 1429-1431 [Full Text]
Kempe, S., Heinz, P., Kokai, E., Devergne, O., Marx, N., Wirth, T. (2009). Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene-3 Is Expressed in Human Atheroma Plaques. Am. J. Pathol. 175: 440-447 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chen, T., Huang, Z., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Wu, F., Meng, S., Wang, C. (2009). MicroRNA-125a-5p partly regulates the inflammatory response, lipid uptake, and ORP9 expression in oxLDL-stimulated monocyte/macrophages. Cardiovasc Res 83: 131-139 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Feng, J., Zhang, Z., Kong, W., Liu, B., Xu, Q., Wang, X. (2009). Regulatory T cells ameliorate hyperhomocysteinaemia-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 0: cvp182v2-cvp182 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Elewaut, D., Matucci-Cerinic, M. (2009). Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and extra-articular manifestations in everyday rheumatology practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 0: kep146v1-kep146 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Moreno, P. R., Sanz, J., Fuster, V. (2009). Promoting Mechanisms of Vascular Health: Circulating Progenitor Cells, Angiogenesis, and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Am Coll Cardiol 53: 2315-2323 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sipido, K. R., Tedgui, A., Kristensen, S. D., Pasterkamp, G., Schunkert, H., Wehling, M., Steg, P. G., Eisert, W., Rademakers, F., Casadei, B., Fuster, V., Cerbai, E., Hasenfuss, G., Fernandez-Aviles, F., Garcia-Dorado, D., Vidal, M., Hallen, M., Dambrauskaite, V. (2009). Identifying needs and opportunities for advancing translational research in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 0: cvp165v2-cvp165 [Full Text]
Kvakan, H., Kleinewietfeld, M., Qadri, F., Park, J.-K., Fischer, R., Schwarz, I., Rahn, H.-P., Plehm, R., Wellner, M., Elitok, S., Gratze, P., Dechend, R., Luft, F. C., Muller, D. N. (2009). Regulatory T Cells Ameliorate Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Damage. Circulation 119: 2904-2912 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bonsignore, M. R., Eckel, J. (2009). Metabolic aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. ERR 18: 113-124 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wallinder, J., Bergqvist, D., Henriksson, A. E. (2009). Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Balance in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and the Impact of Aneurysm Size. VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 43: 258-261 [Abstract]
Canoy, D., Pouta, A., Ruokonen, A., Hartikainen, A.-L., Saikku, P., Jarvelin, M.-R. (2009). Weight at Birth and Infancy in Relation to Adult Leukocyte Count: A Population-Based Study of 5619 Men and Women Followed from the Fetal Period to Adulthood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94: 1916-1922 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ortiz, M. A., Campana, G. L., Woods, J. R., Boguslawski, G., Sosa, M. J., Walker, C. L., Labarrere, C. A. (2009). Continuously-Infused Human C-Reactive Protein Is Neither Proatherosclerotic Nor Proinflammatory in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Exp. Biol. Med. 234: 624-631 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mascitelli, L., Pezzetta, F., Goldstein, M.R. (2009). Why the overstated beneficial effects of statins do not resolve the cholesterol controversy. QJM 102: 435-436 [Full Text]
Chasman, D. I., Pare, G. (2009). Getting Closer to P-Selectin. Clin. Chem. 55: 1051-1052 [Full Text]
Volcik, K. A., Catellier, D., Folsom, A. R., Matijevic, N., Wasserman, B., Boerwinkle, E. (2009). SELP and SELPLG Genetic Variation Is Associated with Cell Surface Measures of SELP and SELPLG: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Carotid MRI Study. Clin. Chem. 55: 1076-1082 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Meier, P., Golshayan, D., Blanc, E., Pascual, M., Burnier, M. (2009). Oxidized LDL Modulates Apoptosis of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with ESRD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 1368-1384 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lin, C.-C., Lin, W.-N., Wang, W.-J., Sun, C.-C., Tung, W.-H., Wang, H.-H., Yang, C.-M. (2009). Functional coupling expression of COX-2 and cPLA2 induced by ATP in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: role of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and NF-{kappa}B. Cardiovasc Res 82: 522-531 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Konopko-Zubrzycka, M., Baniukiewicz, A., Wroblewski, E., Kowalska, I., Zarzycki, W., Gorska, M., Dabrowski, A. (2009). The Effect of Intragastric Balloon on Plasma Ghrelin, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Morbid Obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94: 1644-1649 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ros, E. (2009). Nuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89: 1649S-1656S [Abstract] [Full Text]
Matthijsen, R. A., de Winther, M. P.J., Kuipers, D., van der Made, I., Weber, C., Herias, M. V., Gijbels, M. J.J., Buurman, W. A. (2009). Macrophage-Specific Expression of Mannose-Binding Lectin Controls Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice. Circulation 119: 2188-2195 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Khan, M. A., Gallo, R. M., Renukaradhya, G. J., Du, W., Gervay-Hague, J., Brutkiewicz, R. R. (2009). Statins Impair CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation through the Inhibition of Prenylation. J. Immunol. 182: 4744-4750 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Reece, A. S. (2009). Improved parameters of metabolic glycaemic and immune function and arterial stiffness with naltrexone implant therapy. BMJ Case Reports 2009: bcr0820080799-bcr0820080799 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Vaziri, N. D., Zhou, X. J. (2009). Potential mechanisms of adverse outcomes in trials of anemia correction with erythropoietin in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 1082-1088 [Full Text]
Dominguez-Rodriguez, A., Bosa-Ojeda, F., Abreu-Gonzalez, P. (2009). Cross-Talk Between Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Arterial Inflammation, and Light/Dark Patterns. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2: 368-368 [Full Text]
Smith, J. G., Melander, O., Lovkvist, H., Hedblad, B., Engstrom, G., Nilsson, P., Carlson, J., Berglund, G., Norrving, B., Lindgren, A. (2009). Common Genetic Variants on Chromosome 9p21 Confers Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Large-Scale Genetic Association Study. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2: 159-164 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Piconi, S., Trabattoni, D., Luraghi, C., Perilli, E., Borelli, M., Pacei, M., Rizzardini, G., Lattuada, A., Bray, D. H., Catalano, M., Sparaco, A., Clerici, M. (2009). Treatment of periodontal disease results in improvements in endothelial dysfunction and reduction of the carotid intima-media thickness. FASEB J. 23: 1196-1204 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Nakagawa, H., Morikawa, Y., Mizuno, Y., Harada, E., Ito, T., Matsui, K., Saito, Y., Yasue, H. (2009). Coronary Spasm Preferentially Occurs at Branch Points: An Angiographic Comparison With Atherosclerotic Plaque. Circ Cardiovasc Intervent 2: 97-104 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bruno, G., Fornengo, P., Novelli, G., Panero, F., Perotto, M., Segre, O., Zucco, C., Deambrogio, P., Bargero, G., Perin, P. C. (2009). C-Reactive Protein and 5-Year Survival in Type 2 Diabetes: The Casale Monferrato Study. Diabetes 58: 926-933 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Garvin, P., Nilsson, L., Carstensen, J., Jonasson, L., Kristenson, M. (2009). Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 are Independently Associated With Psychosocial Factors in a Middle-Aged Normal Population. Psychosom. Med. 71: 292-300 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jeong, H. W., Hsu, K. C., Lee, J.-W., Ham, M., Huh, J. Y., Shin, H. J., Kim, W. S., Kim, J. B. (2009). Berberine suppresses proinflammatory responses through AMPK activation in macrophages. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 296: E955-E964 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chen, C.-F., Cheng, C.-H. (2009). Regulation of Cellular Metabolism and Cytokines by the Medicinal Herb Feverfew in the Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 6: 91-98 [Abstract] [Full Text]
VanderLaan, P. A., Reardon, C. A., Thisted, R. A., Getz, G. S. (2009). VLDL best predicts aortic root atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. J. Lipid Res. 50: 376-385 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Koeijvoets, K. C.M.C., Mooijaart, S. P., Dallinga-Thie, G. M., Defesche, J. C., Steyerberg, E. W., Westendorp, R. G.J., Kastelein, J. J.P., van Hagen, P. M., Sijbrands, E. J.G. (2009). Complement factor H Y402H decreases cardiovascular disease risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur Heart J 30: 618-623 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mosig, S., Rennert, K., Krause, S., Kzhyshkowska, J., Neunubel, K., Heller, R., Funke, H. (2009). Different functions of monocyte subsets in familial hypercholesterolemia: potential function of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in detoxification of oxidized LDL. FASEB J. 23: 866-874 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lobbes, M. B. I., Miserus, R.-J. J. H. M., Heeneman, S., Lima Passos, V., Mutsaers, P. H. A., Debernardi, N., Misselwitz, B., Post, M., Daemen, M. J. A. P., van Engelshoven, J. M. A., Leiner, T., Kooi, M. E. (2009). Atherosclerosis: Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging of Vessel Wall in Rabbit Model--Comparison of Gadofosveset and Gadopentetate Dimeglumine. Radiology 250: 682-691 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Troseid, M., Seljeflot, I., Hjerkinn, E. M., Arnesen, H. (2009). Interleukin-18 Is a Strong Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Men With the Metabolic Syndrome: Synergistic effect of inflammation and hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 32: 486-492 [Abstract] [Full Text]
MacDonald, M. L.E., van Eck, M., Hildebrand, R. B., Wong, B. W.C., Bissada, N., Ruddle, P., Kontush, A., Hussein, H., Pouladi, M. A., Chapman, M. J., Fievet, C., van Berkel, T. J.C., Staels, B., McManus, B. M., Hayden, M. R. (2009). Despite Antiatherogenic Metabolic Characteristics, SCD1-Deficient Mice Have Increased Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 29: 341-347 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Xing, D., Nozell, S., Chen, Y.-F., Hage, F., Oparil, S. (2009). Estrogen and Mechanisms of Vascular Protection. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 29: 289-295 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Steffel, J., Luscher, T. F. (2009). Predicting the Development of Atherosclerosis. Circulation 119: 919-921 [Full Text]
Martinet, W., De Meyer, G. R.Y. (2009). Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: A Cell Survival and Death Phenomenon With Therapeutic Potential. Circ. Res. 104: 304-317 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Drinane, M., Mollmark, J., Zagorchev, L., Moodie, K., Sun, B., Hall, A., Shipman, S., Morganelli, P., Simons, M., Mulligan-Kehoe, M. J. (2009). The Antiangiogenic Activity of rPAI-123 Inhibits Vasa Vasorum and Growth of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Circ. Res. 104: 337-345 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Orasanu, G., Plutzky, J. (2009). The pathologic continuum of diabetic vascular disease.. J Am Coll Cardiol 53: S35-S42 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ding, K., Kullo, I. J. (2009). Genome-Wide Association Studies for Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease and Its Risk Factors. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2: 63-72 [Full Text]
Stott, D. J, Welsh, P., Rumley, A., Robertson, M., Ford, I., Sattar, N., Westendorp, R. G J, Jukema, J W., Cobbe, S. M, Lowe, G. D O (2009). Adipocytokines and risk of stroke in older people: a nested case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 38: 253-261 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ortega Martinez de Victoria, E., Xu, X., Koska, J., Francisco, A. M., Scalise, M., Ferrante, A. W. Jr., Krakoff, J. (2009). Macrophage Content in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue: Associations With Adiposity, Age, Inflammatory Markers, and Whole-Body Insulin Action in Healthy Pima Indians. Diabetes 58: 385-393 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mora, S., Musunuru, K., Blumenthal, R. S. (2009). The Clinical Utility of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Cardiovascular Disease and the Potential Implication of JUPITER on Current Practice Guidelines. Clin. Chem. 55: 219-228 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ridker, P. M (2009). C-Reactive Protein: Eighty Years from Discovery to Emergence as a Major Risk Marker for Cardiovascular Disease. Clin. Chem. 55: 209-215 [Full Text]
Hoch, N. E., Guzik, T. J., Chen, W., Deans, T., Maalouf, S. A., Gratze, P., Weyand, C., Harrison, D. G. (2009). Regulation of T-cell function by endogenously produced angiotensin II. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 296: R208-R216 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ovchinnikova, O., Robertson, A.-K. L., Wagsater, D., Folco, E. J., Hyry, M., Myllyharju, J., Eriksson, P., Libby, P., Hansson, G. K. (2009). T-Cell Activation Leads to Reduced Collagen Maturation in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Apoe-/- Mice. Am. J. Pathol. 174: 693-700 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ding, K., Kullo, I. J. (2009). Evolutionary Genetics of Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation 119: 459-467 [Full Text]
Grabner, R., Lotzer, K., Dopping, S., Hildner, M., Radke, D., Beer, M., Spanbroek, R., Lippert, B., Reardon, C. A., Getz, G. S., Fu, Y.-X., Hehlgans, T., Mebius, R. E., van der Wall, M., Kruspe, D., Englert, C., Lovas, A., Hu, D., Randolph, G. J., Weih, F., Habenicht, A. J.R. (2009). Lymphotoxin {beta} receptor signaling promotes tertiary lymphoid organogenesis in the aorta adventitia of aged ApoE-/- mice. JEM 206: 233-248 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Straat, K., de Klark, R., Gredmark-Russ, S., Eriksson, P., Soderberg-Naucler, C. (2009). Infection with Human Cytomegalovirus Alters the MMP-9/TIMP-1 Balance in Human Macrophages. J. Virol. 83: 830-835 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ravnskov, U., McCully, K. S. (2009). Vulnerable Plaque Formation from Obstruction of Vasa Vasorum by Homocysteinylated and Oxidized Lipoprotein Aggregates Complexed with Microbial Remnants and LDL Autoantibodies. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 39: 3-16 [Abstract] [Full Text]
POZUELO, L., TESAR, G., ZHANG, J., PENN, M., FRANCO, K., JIANG, W. (2009). Depression and heart disease: What do we know, and where are we headed?. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 76: 59-70 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lefebvre, P., Cariou, B., Lien, F., Kuipers, F., Staels, B. (2009). Role of Bile Acids and Bile Acid Receptors in Metabolic Regulation. Physiol. Rev. 89: 147-191 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mena, M.-P., Sacanella, E., Vazquez-Agell, M., Morales, M., Fito, M., Escoda, R., Serrano-Martinez, M., Salas-Salvado, J., Benages, N., Casas, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M, Masanes, F., Ros, E., Estruch, R. (2009). Inhibition of circulating immune cell activation: a molecular antiinflammatory effect of the Mediterranean diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89: 248-256 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dumitriu, I. E., Araguas, E. T., Baboonian, C., Kaski, J. C. (2009). CD4+CD28null T cells in coronary artery disease: when helpers become killers. Cardiovasc Res 81: 11-19 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rohlena, J., Volger, O. L., van Buul, J. D., Hekking, L. H.P., van Gils, J. M., Bonta, P. I., Fontijn, R. D., Post, J. A., Hordijk, P. L., Horrevoets, A. J.G. (2009). Endothelial CD81 is a marker of early human atherosclerotic plaques and facilitates monocyte adhesion. Cardiovasc Res 81: 187-196 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Vila, G., Resl, M., Stelzeneder, D., Struck, J., Maier, C., Riedl, M., Hulsmann, M., Pacher, R., Luger, A., Clodi, M. (2008). Plasma NT-proBNP increases in response to LPS administration in healthy men. J. Appl. Physiol. 105: 1741-1745 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Authors/Task Force Members, , Van de Werf, F., Bax, J., Betriu, A., Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., Crea, F., Falk, V., Filippatos, G., Fox, K., Huber, K., Kastrati, A., Rosengren, A., Steg, P. G., Tubaro, M., Verheugt, F., Weidinger, F., Weis, M., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), , Vahanian, A., Camm, J., De Caterina, R., Dean, V., Dickstein, K., Filippatos, G., Funck-Brentano, C., Hellemans, I., Kristensen, S. D., McGregor, K., Sechtem, U., Silber, S., Tendera, M., Widimsky, P., Zamorano, J. L., Document Reviewers, , Silber, S., Aguirre, F. V., Al-Attar, N., Alegria, E., Andreotti, F., Benzer, W., Breithardt, O., Danchin, N., Mario, C. D., Dudek, D., Gulba, D., Halvorsen, S., Kaufmann, P., Kornowski, R., Lip, G. Y. H., Rutten, F. (2008). Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology:. Eur Heart J 29: 2909-2945 [Full Text]
Koeijvoets, K. C. M. C., van der Net, J. B., van Rossum, E. F. C., Steyerberg, E. W., Defesche, J. C., Kastelein, J. J. P., Lamberts, S. W. J., Sijbrands, E. J. G. (2008). Two Common Haplotypes of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Are Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Cardiovascular Disease in Men with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93: 4902-4908 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Newby, A. C. (2008). Metalloproteinase Expression in Monocytes and Macrophages and its Relationship to Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 2108-2114 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ammirati, E., Vermi, A.-C., Cianflone, D., Banfi, M., Foglieni, C., Godino, C., Airoldi, F., Ferri, L. A., Gorman, C. L., Manfredi, A. A., Maseri, A., Cope, A. P., Monaco, C. (2008). Expansion of T-Cell Receptor {zeta}dim Effector T Cells in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 2305-2311 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gotsman, I., Sharpe, A. H., Lichtman, A. H. (2008). T-Cell Costimulation and Coinhibition in Atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 103: 1220-1231 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Naiki, Y., Sorrentino, R., Wong, M. H., Michelsen, K. S., Shimada, K., Chen, S., Yilmaz, A., Slepenkin, A., Schroder, N. W. J., Crother, T. R., Bulut, Y., Doherty, T. M., Bradley, M., Shaposhnik, Z., Peterson, E. M., Tontonoz, P., Shah, P. K., Arditi, M. (2008). TLR/MyD88 and Liver X Receptor {alpha} Signaling Pathways Reciprocally Control Chlamydia pneumoniae-Induced Acceleration of Atherosclerosis. J. Immunol. 181: 7176-7185 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chen, S., Sorrentino, R., Shimada, K., Bulut, Y., Doherty, T. M., Crother, T. R., Arditi, M. (2008). Chlamydia pneumoniae-Induced Foam Cell Formation Requires MyD88-Dependent and -Independent Signaling and Is Reciprocally Modulated by Liver X Receptor Activation. J. Immunol. 181: 7186-7193 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Osto, E., Matter, C. M., Kouroedov, A., Malinski, T., Bachschmid, M., Camici, G. G., Kilic, U., Stallmach, T., Boren, J., Iliceto, S., Luscher, T. F., Cosentino, F. (2008). c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 2 Deficiency Protects Against Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Circulation 118: 2073-2080 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Prodanovich, S., Shelling, M. L., Federman, D. G., Kirsner, R. S. (2008). Cytokine Milieu in Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Disease May Explain the Epidemiological Findings Relating These 2 Diseases. Arch Dermatol 144: 1518-1519 [Full Text]
Aukrust, P., Halvorsen, B., Yndestad, A., Ueland, T., Oie, E., Otterdal, K., Gullestad, L., Damas, J. K. (2008). Chemokines and Cardiovascular Risk. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1909-1919 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gleissner, C. A., von Hundelshausen, P., Ley, K. (2008). Platelet Chemokines in Vascular Disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1920-1927 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Smedlund, K., Vazquez, G. (2008). Involvement of Native TRPC3 Proteins in ATP-Dependent Expression of VCAM-1 and Monocyte Adherence in Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 2049-2055 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schober, A. (2008). Chemokines in Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1950-1959 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Handberg, A., Skjelland, M., Michelsen, A. E., Sagen, E. L., Krohg-Sorensen, K., Russell, D., Dahl, A., Ueland, T., Oie, E., Aukrust, P., Halvorsen, B. (2008). Soluble CD36 in Plasma Is Increased in Patients With Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques and Is Related to Plaque Instability. Stroke 39: 3092-3095 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Quinn, K., Henriques, M., Parker, T., Slutsky, A. S., Zhang, H. (2008). Human neutrophil peptides: a novel potential mediator of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 295: H1817-H1824 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Pluvinet, R., Olivar, R., Krupinski, J., Herrero-Fresneda, I., Luque, A., Torras, J., Cruzado, J. M., Grinyo, J. M., Sumoy, L., Aran, J. M. (2008). CD40: an upstream master switch for endothelial cell activation uncovered by RNAi-coupled transcriptional profiling. Blood 112: 3624-3637 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sampi, M., Ukkola, O., Paivansalo, M., Kesaniemi, Y. A., Binder, C. J., Horkko, S. (2008). Plasma Interleukin-5 Levels Are Related to Antibodies Binding to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and to Decreased Subclinical Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1370-1378 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lamontagne, F. MD MSc, Garant, M.-P. PhD, Carvalho, J.-C. MD, Lanthier, L. MD MSc, Smieja, M. MD PhD, Pilon, D. MD MSc (2008). Pneumococcal vaccination and risk of myocardial infarction. CMAJ 179: 773-777 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Martin, S. S., Qasim, A., Reilly, M. P. (2008). Leptin Resistance: A Possible Interface of Inflammation and Metabolism in Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1201-1210 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wingrove, J. A., Daniels, S. E., Sehnert, A. J., Tingley, W., Elashoff, M. R., Rosenberg, S., Buellesfeld, L., Grube, E., Newby, L. K., Ginsburg, G. S., Kraus, W. E. (2008). Correlation of Peripheral-Blood Gene Expression With the Extent of Coronary Artery Stenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 1: 31-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Montecucco, F., Steffens, S., Burger, F., Pelli, G., Monaco, C., Mach, F. (2008). C-reactive protein (CRP) induces chemokine secretion via CD11b/ICAM-1 interaction in human adherent monocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 84: 1109-1119 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Welsh, P., Whincup, P.H., Papacosta, O., Wannamethee, S.G., Lennon, L., Thomson, A., Rumley, A., Lowe, G.D.O. (2008). Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and coronary heart disease: a prospective study in middle-aged men. QJM 101: 785-791 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Merched, A. J., Ko, K., Gotlinger, K. H., Serhan, C. N., Chan, L. (2008). Atherosclerosis: evidence for impairment of resolution of vascular inflammation governed by specific lipid mediators. FASEB J. 22: 3595-3606 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Comments and questions? Please contact us.