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Insults to the adult brain are regularly followed by degeneration of nerve tissue and an ensuing impairment of brain function. This process occurs in acute injury, such as brain or spinal cord trauma or cerebral ischemia (stroke), and in chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Except for thrombolysis in acute stroke, there are no treatments based on causative mechanisms for any of the aforementioned diseases, and symptomatic drug treatment is useful only for patients with Parkinson's disease and only for a limited period of time.
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