Adherence to (or compliance with) a medication regimen is generallydefined as the extent to which patients take medications asprescribed by their health care providers. The word "adherence"is preferred by many health care providers, because "compliance"suggests that the patient is passively following the doctor'sorders and that the treatment plan is not based on a therapeuticalliance or contract established between the patient and thephysician. Both terms are imperfect and uninformative descriptionsof medication-taking behavior. Unfortunately, applying theseterms to patients who . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Measures of Adherence
Epidemiology of Medication-Taking Behavior
Identifying Poor Adherence
Barriers to Adherence
Interventions
Examples of Challenges to Adherence
HIV Infection
Hypertension
Psychiatric Illness
Illness in Pediatric Patients
Conclusions
Source Information
From the General Medicine Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (L.O.); and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford (T.B.) — both in California.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Osterberg at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304, or at larso@stanford.edu.
Related Letters:
Adherence to Medication
Campbell R. J. Jr., Krienke R., Lippman A., Treharne G. J., Lyons A. C., Kitas G. D., Osterberg L., Blaschke T.
Extract |
Full Text |
PDF
N Engl J Med 2005;
353:1972-1974, Nov 3, 2005.
Correspondence
This article has been cited by other articles:
Aasheim, E. T, Bjorkman, S., Sovik, T. T, Engstrom, M., Hanvold, S. E, Mala, T., Olbers, T., Bohmer, T.
(2009). Vitamin status after bariatric surgery: a randomized study of gastric bypass and duodenal switch. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
90: 15-22
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johannsson, G., Bergthorsdottir, R., Nilsson, A. G, Lennernas, H., Hedner, T., Skrtic, S.
(2009). Improving glucocorticoid replacement therapy using a novel modified-release hydrocortisone tablet: a pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Endocrinol
161: 119-130
[Abstract][Full Text]
Frain, M. P., Bishop, M., Tschopp, M. K., Ferrin, M. J., Frain, J.
(2009). Adherence to Medical Regimens: Understanding the Effects of Cognitive Appraisal, Quality of Life, and Perceived Family Resiliency. Rehabil Couns Bull
52: 237-250
[Abstract]
Ho, P. M., Bryson, C. L., Rumsfeld, J. S.
(2009). Medication Adherence: Its Importance in Cardiovascular Outcomes. Circulation
119: 3028-3035
[Abstract][Full Text]
Serra, A. L., Kistler, A. D., Poster, D., Krauer, F., Senn, O., Raina, S., Pavik, I., Rentsch, K., Regeniter, A., Weishaupt, D., Wuthrich, R. P.
(2009). Safety and tolerability of sirolimus treatment in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant
0: gfp280v1-gfp280
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hayes, T. L., Larimer, N., Adami, A., Kaye, J. A.
(2009). Medication Adherence in Healthy Elders: Small Cognitive Changes Make a Big Difference. J Aging Health
21: 567-580
[Abstract]
McEwen, L. N., Bilik, D., Johnson, S. L., Halter, J. B., Karter, A. J., Mangione, C. M., Subramanian, U., Waitzfelder, B., Crosson, J. C., Herman, W. H.
(2009). Predictors and Impact of Intensification of Antihyperglycemic Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD). Diabetes Care
32: 971-976
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nguyen, P., Thomas, M., Koren, G.
(2009). Predictors of Prenatal Multivitamin Adherence in Pregnant Women. J Clin Pharmacol
49: 735-742
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lakey, S. L, Gray, S. L, Borson, S.
(2009). Assessment of Older Adults' Knowledge of and Preferences for Medication Management Tools and Support Systems. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
43: 1011-1019
[Abstract][Full Text]
Noens, L., van Lierde, M.-A., De Bock, R., Verhoef, G., Zachee, P., Berneman, Z., Martiat, P., Mineur, P., Van Eygen, K., MacDonald, K., De Geest, S., Albrecht, T., Abraham, I.
(2009). Prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of nonadherence to imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: the ADAGIO study. Blood
113: 5401-5411
[Abstract][Full Text]
West, J. C., Wilk, J. E., Rae, D. S., Muszynski, I. S., Stipec, M. R., Alter, C. L., Sanders, K. E., Crystal, S., Regier, D. A.
(2009). Medicaid Prescription Drug Policies and Medication Access and Continuity: Findings From Ten States. Psychiatr. Serv.
60: 601-610
[Abstract][Full Text]
Uzochukwu, B S C, Onwujekwe, O E, Onoka, A C, Okoli, C, Uguru, N P, Chukwuogo, O I
(2009). Determinants of non-adherence to subsidized anti-retroviral treatment in southeast Nigeria. Health Policy Plan
24: 189-196
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cuesta, M. J., Jalon, E. G., Campos, M. S., Peralta, V.
(2009). Cognitive effectiveness of olanzapine and risperidone in first-episode psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry
194: 439-445
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ho, P. M., Maddox, T. M., Wang, L., Fihn, S. D., Jesse, R. L., Peterson, E. D., Rumsfeld, J. S.
(2009). Risk of Adverse Outcomes Associated With Concomitant Use of Clopidogrel and Proton Pump Inhibitors Following Acute Coronary Syndrome. JAMA
301: 937-944
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wong, S.-F.
(2009). Dasatinib dosing strategies in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia. J Oncol Pharm Pract
15: 17-27
[Abstract]
Chambers, S. A., Raine, R., Rahman, A., Isenberg, D.
(2009). Why do patients with systemic lupus erythematosus take or fail to take their prescribed medications? A qualitative study in a UK cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford)
48: 266-271
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gilmer, T. P., Ojeda, V. D., Barrio, C., Fuentes, D., Garcia, P., Lanouette, N. M., Lee, K. C.
(2009). Adherence to Antipsychotics Among Latinos and Asians With Schizophrenia and Limited English Proficiency. Psychiatr. Serv.
60: 175-182
[Abstract][Full Text]
Llor, C., Sierra, N., Hernandez, S., Moragas, A., Hernandez, M., Bayona, C., Miravitlles, M.
(2009). The higher the number of daily doses of antibiotic treatment in lower respiratory tract infection the worse the compliance. J Antimicrob Chemother
63: 396-399
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jin, Y., Pollock, B. G., Frank, E., Florian, J., Kirshner, M., Fagiolini, A., Kupfer, D. J., Gastonguay, M. R., Kepple, G., Feng, Y., Bies, R. R.
(2009). The Effect of Reporting Methods for Dosing Times on the Estimation of Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Escitalopram. J Clin Pharmacol
49: 176-184
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gerald, L. B., McClure, L. A., Mangan, J. M., Harrington, K. F., Gibson, L., Erwin, S., Atchison, J., Grad, R.
(2009). Increasing Adherence to Inhaled Steroid Therapy Among Schoolchildren: Randomized, Controlled Trial of School-Based Supervised Asthma Therapy. Pediatrics
123: 466-474
[Abstract][Full Text]
Arrington-Sanders, R., Serwint, J. R.
(2009). In Brief: Adherence. Pediatr. Rev.
30: e9-e10
[Full Text]
Cohen, S. M., Kwasny, M. J, Ahn, J.
(2009). Use of Specialty Care Versus Standard Retail Pharmacies for Treatment of Hepatitis C. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
43: 202-209
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pallares, M. J., Powers, E. R, Zwerner, P. L, Fowler, A., Reeves, R., Nappi, J. M
(2009). Barriers to Clopidogrel Adherence Following Placement of Drug-Eluting Stents. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
43: 259-267
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mansur, N., Weiss, A., Beloosesky, Y.
(2009). Is There an Association Between Inappropriate Prescription Drug Use and Adherence in Discharged Elderly Patients?. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
43: 177-184
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ruddy, K., Mayer, E., Partridge, A.
(2009). Patient adherence and persistence with oral anticancer treatment. CA Cancer J Clin
59: 56-66
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kettani, F.-Z., Dragomir, A., Cote, R., Roy, L., Berard, A., Blais, L., Lalonde, L., Moreau, P., Perreault, S.
(2009). Impact of a Better Adherence to Antihypertensive Agents on Cerebrovascular Disease for Primary Prevention. Stroke
40: 213-220
[Abstract][Full Text]
Upshur, R. E.G., Tracy, S.
(2008). Chronicity and complexity: Is what's good for the diseases always good for the patients?. cfp
54: 1655-1658
[Full Text]
Chlebowski, R. T., Johnson, K. C., Kooperberg, C., Pettinger, M., Wactawski-Wende, J., Rohan, T., Rossouw, J., Lane, D., O'Sullivan, M. J., Yasmeen, S., Hiatt, R. A., Shikany, J. M., Vitolins, M., Khandekar, J., Hubbell, F. A., for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators,
(2008). Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Breast Cancer. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
100: 1581-1591
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oken, B. S.
(2008). Placebo effects: clinical aspects and neurobiology. Brain
131: 2812-2823
[Abstract][Full Text]
Albert, N. M.
(2008). Improving Medication Adherence in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease. Crit Care Nurse
28: 54-64
[Full Text]
Takacs, B., Hanak, D.
(2008). A prototype home robot with an ambient facial interface to improve drug compliance. J Telemed Telecare
14: 393-395
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stafford, L., Jackson, H. J., Berk, M.
(2008). Illness Beliefs About Heart Disease and Adherence to Secondary Prevention Regimens. Psychosom. Med.
70: 942-948
[Abstract][Full Text]
Guirguis, A. B., Zingone, M. M.
(2008). Medication Therapy Management and Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence. JAMA
300: 1130-1130
[Full Text]
Yin, H. S., Dreyer, B. P., van Schaick, L., Foltin, G. L., Dinglas, C., Mendelsohn, A. L.
(2008). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Pictogram-Based Intervention to Reduce Liquid Medication Dosing Errors and Improve Adherence Among Caregivers of Young Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
162: 814-822
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kreyenbuhl, J., Dixon, L. B., McCarthy, J. F., Soliman, S., Ignacio, R. V., Valenstein, M.
(2008). Does Adherence to Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Differ Between Individuals With Vs Without Schizophrenia?. Schizophr Bull
0: sbn106v1-sbn106
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sajatovic, M., Biswas, K., Kilbourne, A. K., Fenn, H., Williford, W., Bauer, M. S.
(2008). Factors Associated With Prospective Long-Term Treatment Adherence Among Individuals With Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatr. Serv.
59: 753-759
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tyler, C. V., Werner, J. J., Panaite, V., Snyder, S. M., Ford, D. B., Conway, J. L., Young, C. W., Powell, B. L., Smolak, M. J., Zyzanski, S. J.
(2008). Barriers to Supplemental Calcium Use Among Women in Suburban Family Practice: A Report from the Cleveland Clinic Ambulatory Research Network (CleAR-eN). J Am Board Fam Med
21: 293-299
[Abstract][Full Text]
Viera, A. J., Cohen, L. W., Mitchell, C. M., Sloane, P. D.
(2008). High Blood Pressure Knowledge Among Primary Care Patients with Known Hypertension: A North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) Study. J Am Board Fam Med
21: 300-308
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chalker, J., Andualem, T., Minzi, O., Ntaganira, J., Ojoo, A., Waako, P., Ross-Degnan, D.
(2008). Monitoring Adherence and Defaulting for Antiretroviral Therapy in 5 East African Countries: An Urgent Need for Standards. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill)
7: 193-199
[Abstract]
Bocchi, E. A., Cruz, F., Guimaraes, G., Pinho Moreira, L. F., Issa, V. S., Ayub Ferreira, S. M., Chizzola, P. R., Souza, G. E. C., Brandao, S., Bacal, F.
(2008). Long-Term Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study Using Repetitive Education at Six-Month Intervals and Monitoring for Adherence in Heart Failure Outpatients: The REMADHE Trial. Circ Heart Fail
1: 115-124
[Abstract][Full Text]
Farris, K. B, Phillips, B. B.
(2008). Instruments Assessing Capacity to Manage Medications. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
42: 1026-1036
[Abstract][Full Text]
Heisler, M., Hogan, M. M., Hofer, T. P., Schmittdiel, J. A., Pladevall, M., Kerr, E. A.
(2008). When More Is Not Better: Treatment Intensification Among Hypertensive Patients With Poor Medication Adherence. Circulation
117: 2884-2892
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zaric, G. S., Bayoumi, A. M., Brandeau, M. L., Owens, D. K.
(2008). The Cost-Effectiveness of Counseling Strategies to Improve Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among Men Who Have Sex with Men. Med Decis Making
28: 359-376
[Abstract]
Jacobson, T. A.
(2008). Toward 'Pain-Free' Statin Prescribing: Clinical Algorithm for Diagnosis and Management of Myalgia. Mayo Clin Proc.
83: 687-700
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mansur, N., Weiss, A., Beloosesky, Y.
(2008). Relationship of In-Hospital Medication Modifications of Elderly Patients to Postdischarge Medications, Adherence, and Mortality. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
42: 783-789
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kliethermes, M. A., Schullo-Feulner, A. M., Tilton, J., Kim, S., Pellegrino, A. N.
(2008). Model for medication therapy management in a university clinic. Am J Health Syst Pharm
65: 844-856
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gasteyger, C., Suter, M., Gaillard, R. C, Giusti, V.
(2008). Nutritional deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity often cannot be prevented by standard multivitamin supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
87: 1128-1133
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gaudiano, B. A., Weinstock, L. M., Miller, I. W.
(2008). Improving Treatment Adherence in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Current Psychosocial Treatment Efficacy and Recommendations for Future Treatment Development. Behav Modif
32: 267-301
[Abstract]
Soria, E A, Cadile, I I, Allende, L R, Kremer, L E
(2008). Pharmacoepidemiological approach to the predisposing factors for highly active antiretroviral therapy failure in an HIV-positive cohort from Cordoba City (Argentina) 1995-2005. Int J STD AIDS
19: 335-338
[Abstract][Full Text]
Raynor, D. K. T.
(2008). Medication Literacy Is a 2-Way Street. Mayo Clin Proc.
83: 520-522
[Full Text]
Kripalani, S., Henderson, L. E., Jacobson, T. A., Vaccarino, V.
(2008). Medication Use Among Inner-City Patients After Hospital Discharge: Patient-Reported Barriers and Solutions. Mayo Clin Proc.
83: 529-535
[Abstract][Full Text]
Soumerai, S. B., Zhang, F., Ross-Degnan, D., Ball, D. E., LeCates, R. F., Law, M. R., Hughes, T. E., Chapman, D., Adams, A. S.
(2008). Use Of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs For Schizophrenia In Maine Medicaid Following A Policy Change. Health Aff (Millwood)
27: w185-w195
[Abstract][Full Text]
Solomon, D H, Avorn, J, Levin, R, Brookhart, M A
(2008). Uric acid lowering therapy: prescribing patterns in a large cohort of older adults. Ann Rheum Dis
67: 609-613
[Abstract][Full Text]
Paul, S.
(2008). Hospital Discharge Education for Patients With Heart Failure: What Really Works and What Is the Evidence?. Crit Care Nurse
28: 66-82
[Full Text]
Mehuys, E., Van Bortel, L., De Bolle, L., Van Tongelen, I., Annemans, L., Remon, J. P., Brusselle, G.
(2008). Effectiveness of pharmacist intervention for asthma control improvement. Eur Respir J
31: 790-799
[Abstract][Full Text]
Heisler, M.
(2008). Actively Engaging Patients in Treatment Decision Making and Monitoring as a Strategy to Improve Hypertension Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation
117: 1355-1357
[Full Text]
Choudhry, N. K., Patrick, A. R., Antman, E. M., Avorn, J., Shrank, W. H.
(2008). Cost-Effectiveness of Providing Full Drug Coverage to Increase Medication Adherence in Post-Myocardial Infarction Medicare Beneficiaries. Circulation
117: 1261-1268
[Abstract][Full Text]
Saitoh, A., Foca, M., Viani, R. M., Heffernan-Vacca, S., Vaida, F., Lujan-Zilbermann, J., Emmanuel, P. J., Deville, J. G., Spector, S. A.
(2008). Clinical Outcomes After an Unstructured Treatment Interruption in Children and Adolescents With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection. Pediatrics
121: e513-e521
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jackevicius, C. A., Li, P., Tu, J. V.
(2008). Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Primary Nonadherence After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation
117: 1028-1036
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ho, P. M., Magid, D. J., Shetterly, S. M., Olson, K. L., Peterson, P. N., Masoudi, F. A., Rumsfeld, J. S.
(2008). Importance of Therapy Intensification and Medication Nonadherence for Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Coronary Disease. Arch Intern Med
168: 271-276
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ho, P. M., Peterson, E. D., Wang, L., Magid, D. J., Fihn, S. D., Larsen, G. C., Jesse, R. A., Rumsfeld, J. S.
(2008). Incidence of Death and Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With Stopping Clopidogrel After Acute Coronary Syndrome. JAMA
299: 532-539
[Abstract][Full Text]
GOODWIN, M. S., VELICER, W. F., INTILLE, S. S.
(2008). Telemetric monitoring in the behavior sciences. Behav Res Methods
40: 328-341
[Abstract]
Sidy, S., Elhadj, K., Mouhamadou, C., Abdou, N., Boucar, D.
(2008). Adherence to therapy in sub-Saharan non-dialysed Africans with chronic kidney diseases--a real burden. Nephrol Dial Transplant
23: 769-769
[Full Text]
Partridge, A. H., LaFountain, A., Mayer, E., Taylor, B. S., Winer, E., Asnis-Alibozek, A.
(2008). Adherence to Initial Adjuvant Anastrozole Therapy Among Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer. JCO
26: 556-562
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kahn, K. L.
(2008). Moving Research From Bench to Bedside to Community: There Is Still More to Do. JCO
26: 523-526
[Full Text]
Lin, E. H.B., Ciechanowski, P.
(2008). Working With Patients to Enhance Medication Adherence. Clin. Diabetes
26: 17-19
[Full Text]
Albert, N. M.
(2007). Switching to Once-Daily Evidence-Based -Blockers in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction. Crit Care Nurse
27: 62-72
[Full Text]
Rasmussen, J. N, Gislason, G. H, Rasmussen, S., Abildstrom, S. Z, Schramm, T. K, Kober, L., Diderichsen, F., Osler, M., Torp-Pedersen, C., Madsen, M.
(2007). Use of statins and beta-blockers after acute myocardial infarction according to income and education. J. Epidemiol. Community Health
61: 1091-1097
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mishali, M, Vaknin, Y., Omer, H, Heymann, A.
(2007). Conceptualization and measurement of resistance to treatment: the resistance to treatment questionnaire for people with diabetes. Fam Pract
24: 610-615
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kothawala, P., Badamgarav, E., Ryu, S., Miller, R. M., Halbert, R. J.
(2007). Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Real-World Adherence to Drug Therapy for Osteoporosis. Mayo Clin Proc.
82: 1493-1501
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bodenheimer, T.
(2007). A 63-Year-Old Man With Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Poor Adherence to Treatment Plans. JAMA
298: 2048-2055
[Abstract][Full Text]
Turner, A.P., Kivlahan, D.R., Sloan, A.P., Haselkorn, J.K.
(2007). Predicting ongoing adherence to disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: utility of the health beliefs model. Mult Scler
13: 1146-1152
[Abstract]
Phillips McEnany, G.
(2007). Psychopharmacologic Strategies and Associated Challenges in the Long-Term Treatment of Schizophrenia. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc
13: S6-S15
[Abstract]
Glintborg, B., Hillestrom, P. R., Olsen, L. H., Dalhoff, K. P., Poulsen, H. E.
(2007). Are Patients Reliable When Self-Reporting Medication Use? Validation of Structured Drug Interviews and Home Visits by Drug Analysis and Prescription Data in Acutely Hospitalized Patients. J Clin Pharmacol
47: 1440-1449
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wride, N., Finch, T., Rapley, T., Moreira, T., May, C., Fraser, S.
(2007). What's in a name? Medication terms: what they mean and when to use them. Br. J. Ophthalmol.
91: 1422-1424
[Full Text]
Uong, E. C., Epperson, M., Bathon, S. A., Jeffe, D. B.
(2007). Adherence to Nasal Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Among School-aged Children and Adolescents With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Pediatrics
120: e1203-e1211
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kreyenbuhl, J., Olfson, M., Marcus, S. C.
(2007). Adding and Switching Antipsychotics: In Reply. Psychiatr. Serv.
58: 1375-1376
[Full Text]
Piette, J. D.
(2007). Interactive Behavior Change Technology to Support Diabetes Self-Management: Where do we stand?. Diabetes Care
30: 2425-2432
[Full Text]
Gehi, A. K., Ali, S., Na, B., Whooley, M. A.
(2007). Self-reported Medication Adherence and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Arch Intern Med
167: 1798-1803
[Abstract][Full Text]
Burke, L. E, Hudson, A. G, Warziski, M. T, Styn, M. A, Music, E., Elci, O. U, Sereika, S. M
(2007). Effects of a vegetarian diet and treatment preference on biochemical and dietary variables in overweight and obese adults: a randomized clinical trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
86: 588-596
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mitchell, A. J., Selmes, T.
(2007). Why don't patients take their medicine? Reasons and solutions in psychiatry. Adv. Psychiatr. Treat.
13: 336-346
[Abstract][Full Text]
Borras, L, Mohr, S, Brandt, P-Y, Gillieron, C, Eytan, A, Huguelet, P
(2007). Religious Beliefs in Schizophrenia: Their Relevance for Adherence to Treatment. Schizophr Bull
33: 1238-1246
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chisholm, M. A., Williamson, G. M., Lance, C. E., Mulloy, L. L.
(2007). Predicting adherence to immunosuppressant therapy: a prospective analysis of the theory of planned behaviour. Nephrol Dial Transplant
22: 2339-2348
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rovner, B. W., Casten, R. J., Hegel, M. T., Leiby, B. E., Tasman, W. S.
(2007). Preventing Depression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Arch Gen Psychiatry
64: 886-892
[Abstract][Full Text]
Brookhart, M. A., Patrick, A. R., Dormuth, C., Avorn, J., Shrank, W., Cadarette, S. M., Solomon, D. H.
(2007). Adherence to Lipid-lowering Therapy and the Use of Preventive Health Services: An Investigation of the Healthy User Effect. Am J Epidemiol
166: 348-354
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schedlbauer, A, Schroeder, K, Fahey, T
(2007). How can adherence to lipid-lowering medication be improved? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Fam Pract
24: 380-387
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woltmann, E. M., Valenstein, M., Welsh, D. E., Lee, T. A., Wolschon, P. A., Grabowski, J., Reilly, P. A.
(2007). Using Pharmacy Data on Partial Adherence to Inform Clinical Care of Patients With Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatr. Serv.
58: 864-867
[Abstract][Full Text]
Saadi, H. F, Dawodu, A., Afandi, B. O, Zayed, R., Benedict, S., Nagelkerke, N.
(2007). Efficacy of daily and monthly high-dose calciferol in vitamin D-deficient nulliparous and lactating women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
85: 1565-1571
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
