The T-cell branch of the immune system can respond to a virtuallyinfinite variety of antigens, in part because it includes avery large repertoire of T-cell clones, each with a unique receptorfor antigen. It is inevitable that this diverse repertoire containsT cells with receptors that can recognize the body's own antigens— self-reactive T cells — and instigate harmfulautoimmunity. For this reason, a means of restraining such Tcells is essential. The controls depend on two mechanisms thatnot only avert autoimmunity but also maintain protective immunity:shaping of the T-cell repertoire in the thymus and . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Central Selection
Peripheral Regulation
Control of the Magnitude and Class of Immune Responses
General Intrinsic Mechanisms
Regulatory Functions Exerted by Conventional T Cells by Means of Intrinsic Mechanisms
Regulatory T Cells Involved in Self–Nonself Discrimination
Subgroups of Suppressor Cells
Natural Killer T Cells
Specialized CD4+ Regulatory T Cells
FOXP3
Definition of Specialized CD4+ Regulatory T Cells
Mechanism of Suppression by Specialized CD4+ Regulatory T Cells
CD8+ Suppressor T Cells
Qa1 and Autoimmune Disease
Inactivation of T Cells with Intermediate Avidity for Both Self and Foreign Antigens
An Avidity Model of Peripheral T-Cell Regulation
Evading Autoimmunity and Optimizing the Immune Response to Foreign Antigens
The HLA-E System and Evasion of Autoimmunity in Humans
Source Information
From the Departments of Medicine (H.J., L.C.) and Pathology and Cell Biology (L.C.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Jiang at the Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, or at hj4@columbia.edu.
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