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Previous Volume 354:270-282 January 19, 2006 Number 3 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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In this article, we review recent findings related to estrogen exposure and the risk of breast cancer, the mechanisms that may be involved, and the clinical implications of these findings. The weight of evidence indicates that exposure to estrogen is an important determinant of the risk of breast cancer. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the breast caused by estrogen include the metabolism of estrogen to genotoxic, mutagenic metabolites and the stimulation of tissue growth. Together, these processes cause initiation, promotion, and progression of carcinogenesis. Insight into the mechanisms of the causation of cancer by estrogen will identify determinants of susceptibility . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Hormonal Risk Factors for the Development of Breast Cancer

Mechanisms of Estrogen Carcinogenesis

Estrogen Metabolism

Estrogen-Receptor Signaling

Clinical Implications

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences (J.D.Y.), and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (N.E.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Yager at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Rm. 1033, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, or at jyager@jhsph.edu.

Related Letters:

Estrogens and Breast Cancer
Blander C. L., Yager J. D., Davidson N. E.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1647-1648, Apr 13, 2006. Correspondence

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