Preterm birth, especially at an extremely low gestational age,is often perilous. Despite improved survival associated withcontemporary neonatal intensive care, more than one third ofsurvivors with a birth weight of less than 1250 g have bronchopulmonarydysplasia (also known as chronic lung disease of prematurity),usually defined as a need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeksof postmenstrual age. At least 10 to 15 percent of these infantsalso show ultrasonographic evidence of brain injury in the neonatalperiod. The two conditions often coexist and are associatedwith impaired neurodevelopment.
From the Section of Neonatology, the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
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