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A 46-year-old man was seen in the neurology clinic because of hemiparesis, aphasia, and abnormalities on neuroimaging studies.
The patient had been well, except for migraine headaches, until 4 years earlier, when right-sided weakness, clumsiness, and slurred speech developed during a period of 24 hours. A neurologist at another hospital found dysarthria and right central facial weakness; decreased muscle tone in the right arm, with strength 4+/5; and normal muscle tone in the right leg, with strength 4+/5. Strength on the left side was normal, with slightly increased tone in the left arm and normal tone in the left leg.
Differential Diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Other Possible Multifocal White-Matter Lesions
Leukodystrophies
Mitochondrial Diseases
CADASIL
Clinical Diagnosis
Pathological Discussion
Anatomical Diagnosis
Source Information
From the Departments of Neurology (S.D.B.), Radiology (W.A.C.), and Pathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Neurology, Foothills Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary — both in Calgary, AB, Canada (E.E.S.); and the Departments of Neurology (S.D.B.), Cell Biology (J.F.A.-V.), Radiology (W.A.C.), and Pathology (M.P.F.), Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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