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This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author's clinical recommendations.
A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency room with left-sided epistaxis that has continued for 1 hour. He estimates having lost approximately 1/2 cup of blood and reports no history of nasal obstruction, epistaxis, trauma, bleeding diathesis, or easy bruising. He has a history of hypertension. Medications include atenolol and baby aspirin. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
The Clinical Problem
Epistaxis is
Anatomical Features
Causes and Associated Conditions
Strategies and Evidence
Treatment Options
Areas of Uncertainty
Guidelines
Conclusions and Recommendations
Source Information
From the Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
An audio version of this article is available at NEJM.org.
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