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Previous Volume 361:888-898 August 27, 2009 Number 9 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman introduced the concept of distinct types of helper T cells, which was based on the types of cytokines that T cells produce when they are stimulated to differentiate. They named these lymphocytes type 1 helper T cells (Th1 cells) and type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cells).¹ Th1 cells produce large quantities of interferon-, induce delayed hypersensitivity reactions, activate macrophages, and are essential for the defense against intracellular pathogens (Figure 1). Th2 cells produce mainly interleukin-4 and are important in inducing IgE production, recruiting eosinophils to sites of inflammation, and helping to . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Origins and Functions of Th17 Cells

Helper T-Cell Subgroups

Differentiation of Th17 Cells

Human Th17 Cells

Interleukin-17 and Th17 Cells in Disease

Responses to Infectious Agents

The Interleukin-23–Th17 Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Therapeutic Potential

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon, Lyon, France (P.M.); the Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (T.K.); and the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.K.K.).

Drs. Miossec and Korn contributed equally to this article.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Miossec at the Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5, Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France, or at miossec@univ-lyon1.fr.

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