Background The median survival of patients with myeloma afterconventional chemotherapy is three years or less. Promisingresults have been reported with high-dose therapy supportedby autologous bone marrow transplantation. We conducted a randomizedstudy comparing conventional chemotherapy and high-dose therapy.
Methods Two hundred previously untreated patients under theage of 65 years who had myeloma were randomly assigned at thetime of diagnosis to receive either conventional chemotherapyor high-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Results The response rate among the patients who received high-dosetherapy was 81 percent (including complete responses in 22 percentand very good partial responses in 16 percent), whereas it was57 percent (complete responses in 5 percent and very good partialresponses in 9 percent) in the group treated with conventionalchemotherapy (P<0.001). The probability of event-free survivalfor five years was 28 percent in the high-dose group and 10percent in the conventional-dose group (P = 0.01); the overallestimated rate of survival for five years was 52 percent inthe high-dose group and 12 percent in the conventional-dosegroup (P = 0.03). Treatment-related mortality was similar inthe two groups.
Conclusions High-dose therapy combined with transplantationimproves the response rate, event-free survival, and overallsurvival in patients with myeloma.
For the past 30 years, a combination of melphalan and prednisonehas been the standard treatment for myeloma. Extensive trialsof other drug combinations have not led to major improvementsin clinical outcome. Myeloma remains an incurable malignanttumor with a median survival that does not exceed three years.1,2
High-dose therapy has been evaluated in patients with myeloma.McElwain et al. reported that high doses of melphalan couldinduce a high rate of response even in patients with diseaserefractory to conventional doses of the drug.3,4 However, myelosuppressionwas prolonged. Barlogie et al. found that the myelotoxicityof high-dose melphalan was reduced in patients who underwentautologous bone marrow transplantation.5,6 One consequence ofthat report is the use of transplantation to treat an increasingnumber of patients with myeloma.7
Although high-dose therapy with transplantation is promisingin patients with myeloma,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25selection bias hinders a direct comparison of the reported resultswith those of conventional chemotherapy. Prospective, randomizedtrials are needed to compare conventional chemotherapy withhigh-dose therapy combined with transplantation. In 1990, theIntergroupe Français du Myélome began a trialdesigned to address this issue.
Methods
Criteria for Enrollment
Patients less than 65 years of age who had Durie–Salmonstage II or III myeloma26 were eligible for the study. The criteriafor exclusion were prior treatment for myeloma, another typeof cancer, abnormal cardiac function (systolic ejection fraction<50 percent or an abnormal stress test), chronic respiratorydisease (vital capacity or carbon monoxide diffusion, <50percent of normal), abnormal liver function (serum bilirubin,>2.0 mg per deciliter [>35 µmol per liter]; or serumaminotransferase values more than four times the normal value),and psychiatric disease. Between October 1990 and May 1993,204 patients from 32 French centers and 1 Belgian center wereenrolled. Four patients were excluded, two each because of ageover 65 years and violations of the study protocol (the useof allogeneic transplantation to improve a first response).Two hundred patients in all were evaluated. The study was approvedby the institutional ethics committees, and the patients gaveinformed consent.
Study Protocol
Randomization
The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatmentgroups at the time of diagnosis. The sequence of randomizationwas determined by the coordinating center (at Toulouse), whichissued each treatment assignment by telephone after the patient'seligibility for the study was confirmed.
Conventional-Dose Chemotherapy
The protocol consisted of alternating cycles of combinationsof chemotherapeutic agents, known as VMCP and BVAP. The VMCPregimen included vincristine (1 mg intravenously on day 1),melphalan (5 mg per square meter of body-surface area orallyon days 1 to 4), cyclophosphamide (110 mg per square meter orallyon days 1 to 4), and prednisone (60 mg per square meter orallyon days 1 to 4). The BVAP regimen included vincristine (1 mgintravenously on day 1), carmustine (30 mg per square meterintravenously on day 1), doxorubicin (30 mg per square meterintravenously on day 1), and prednisone (60 mg per square meterorally on days 1 to 4). These alternating cycles of VMCP andBVAP were administered at 3-week intervals for 12 months, fora total of 18 cycles. Recombinant interferon alfa was administeredthree times a week in a dose of 3 million U per square meterfrom cycle 9 until the occurrence of any relapse.
High-Dose Therapy
After four to six alternating cycles of VMCP and BVAP (accordingto the availability of facilities at the bone marrow–transplantationcenter), patients with a performance status below grade 3 accordingto the criteria of the World Health Organization, a serum creatininelevel under 1.7 mg per deciliter (150 µmol per liter),and bone marrow (collected after cycle 4) that contained morethan 200 million nucleated cells per kilogram of body weightunderwent unpurged transplantation after preparation with melphalan(140 mg per square meter) and total-body irradiation (8 Gy deliveredin four fractions over a four-day period, without lung shielding).Treatment with interferon alfa was started after hematologicreconstitution following the transplantation (granulocyte count,>1500 per cubic millimeter; platelet count, >75,000 percubic millimeter).
Criteria for a Response
A complete remission was defined as the absence of a paraproteinon electrophoresis of serum and urine and 5 percent or fewerplasma cells with normal morphologic features in a bone marrowaspirate (the absence of paraprotein was not confirmed in allcases by immunofixation). A return of normal immunoglobulinswas not included in the definition. A very good partial responsewas defined as a decrease of 90 percent in the serum paraproteinlevel; a partial response as a decrease of 50 percent in theserum paraprotein level (in patients who had Bence Jones protein)and a decrease of 90 percent in Bence Jones protein; a minimalresponse as a decrease of 25 percent in the serum paraproteinlevel; stable disease as no change in the paraprotein level;progressive disease as an increase of 25 percent in the serumparaprotein level after two cycles of the initial chemotherapy;and a relapse as the reappearance of the paraprotein, the recurrenceof bone marrow infiltration (which was evaluated every six months)in a patient with a complete response, or both, and a 50 percentincrease in paraprotein above the "plateau" level in two samplesobtained four weeks apart in a patient with a response. Theresponse of bone lesions was not studied in this trial, andno centralized review of bone lesions was performed.
Statistical Analysis
The proportions of patients with a given characteristic werecompared by the chi-square test or by Fisher's exact test. Differencesin the means of continuous measurements were tested by Student'st-test and checked by the Mann–Whitney U test. All testswere two-tailed. The duration of event-free survival was calculatedfor all patients from the date of randomization until the timeof progression of disease, relapse, death, or the date the patientwas last known to be in remission. Curves for event-free survivaland overall survival were plotted according to the method ofKaplan and Meier and were compared by the log-rank test. Prognosticfactors for overall survival and event-free survival were determinedby the Cox proportional-hazards model in the analysis of covariates.The following variables were included in the univariate analysis:age, Durie–Salmon stage, the isotype of the monoclonal(M) component, beta2-microglobulin level, bone marrow plasmacytosis,and treatment group. The objective was to compare the two treatmentgroups with respect to survival. The random assignment of atleast 100 patients to each treatment group was needed to ensurea 5 percent level of significance and a power of 80 percentif the true probabilities of survival five years after diagnosiswere 10 percent in the conventional-dose group and 50 percentin the high-dose (and transplantation) group. The study wascompleted after 200 patients were enrolled. All randomized patientswere studied in their assigned treatment groups on an intention-to-treatbasis.
Results
Base-Line Characteristics
Table 1 shows the base-line characteristics of the 200 patients.No significant differences were found between the treatmentgroups.
Table 1. Characteristics of the Patients According to Their Assigned Doses of Chemotherapy.
Completion of Assigned Therapy
The patients enrolled in the conventional-dose group receiveda median of 18 cycles (range, 2 to 18) of VMCP and BVAP. Seventy-fourpatients enrolled in the high-dose group underwent transplantation.The median time from diagnosis to transplantation was 5.5 months(range, 4 to 11). Among the 26 patients who did not undergotransplantation, 5 died prematurely, 6 had poor performancestatus, 5 had abnormal renal function, and 10 had insufficientamounts of bone marrow in the sample collected. These exclusionswere related to the age of the patients, since 12 of 67 patients60 years of age or less (18 percent) did not undergo transplantation,as compared with 14 of 33 patients over 60 years of age (42percent, P = 0.01).
One hundred forty-three patients received interferon alfa (73in the conventional-dose group and 70 in the high-dose group).Interferon alfa was introduced sooner after diagnosis in theconventional-dose group than in the high-dose group (mean [±SD]number of months before treatment, 8±2.8 vs. 10±3.2;P = 0.01). Eighty-six patients (43 in each group) had to discontinuethis treatment (9 because of thrombocytopenia and 77 becauseof relapse). Interferon alfa was administered for a median of12 months in the conventional-dose group and 11 months in thehigh-dose group.
Response Rate
Before transplantation (i.e., after four cycles of chemotherapy),the response rate was similar in the two treatment groups. Ascompared with conventional chemotherapy, high-dose therapy withtransplantation improved the response rate (P<0.001) (Table 2);38 percent of the patients in the high-dose group had completeor very good partial responses, as compared with 14 percentof the patients in the conventional-dose group. Furthermore,43 percent of the patients in the conventional-dose group didnot have partial responses, as compared with 19 percent of thosein the high-dose group. Factors significantly associated withcomplete or very good partial responses were M component, thelevel of beta2-microglobulin in serum, and the treatment-groupassignment (Table 3).
Table 3. Base-Line Characteristics of the Patients with Complete or Very Good Partial Responses.
Event-Free and Overall Survival
In the conventional-dose group, treated with chemotherapy only,the median follow-up of the surviving patients was 37 months(range, 26 to 60; standard deviation, 8) from the time of randomization.The median event-free survival was 18 months, and the medianoverall survival 37.4 months. The probabilities of event-freesurvival and overall survival for five years after the diagnosiswere 10 percent and 12 percent, respectively (Figure 1 and Figure 2).Fifty-two patients died, 47 because of the progression ofdisease and 5 because of the toxic effects of treatment.
Figure 1. Event-free Survival According to Treatment Group.
The numbers shown below the time points are probabilities of event-free survival (the percentages of patients surviving event-free) and 95 percent confidence intervals.
Figure 2. Overall Survival According to Treatment Group.
The numbers shown below the time points are probabilities of overall survival (the percentages of patients surviving) and 95 percent confidence intervals.
In the high-dose group, treated with four cycles of chemotherapyand transplantation, the median follow-up of the surviving patientswas 41 months (range, 22 to 60; standard deviation, 11) fromthe time of randomization. The median event-free survival was27 months, and the median survival has not been reached as ofthis writing. The probabilities of event-free survival and overallsurvival for five years after the diagnosis were 28 percentand 52 percent, respectively (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The high-dosegroup had significantly longer event-free (P =0.01) and overall(P = 0.03) survival than the conventional-dose group (Figure 1and Figure 2). Thirty-seven patients in the high-dose groupdied, 30 because of the progression of disease and 7 becauseof the toxic effects of treatment (including 2 transplantation-relateddeaths).
Prognostic Factors for Event-Free and Overall Survival
In the multivariate analysis of all 200 patients, event-freesurvival was significantly related to the level of beta2-microglobulinin serum (P<0.001) and the treatment assignment (P =0.01).Overall survival was related only to the level of beta2-microglobulin(P<0.001).
To appreciate better the effect of transplantation on survival,we analyzed the group of 122 patients who were 60 years of ageor younger. Among these patients, most of those assigned tothe high-dose group (82 percent) actually underwent transplantation.In a multivariate analysis of these younger patients, survivalwas related to the treatment assignment (P = 0.03) and the levelof beta2-microglobulin (P<0.001). The probability of survivalfor five years after diagnosis was 18 percent in the conventional-dosegroup and 70 percent in the high-dose group (P = 0.02) (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Overall Survival According to Treatment Group in Patients 60 Years Old or Less.
The numbers shown below the time points are probabilities of overall survival (the percentages of patients surviving) and 95 percent confidence intervals.
To assess the response to treatment as one of the variablestested for their effect on survival, we analyzed the subgroupof 178 patients who survived more than one year after diagnosis.In this multivariate analysis, the presence of a response totreatment was related to survival (P<0.001). The five-yearprobability of survival after diagnosis was 72 percent (95 percentconfidence interval, 42 to 91 percent) among 51 patients whohad complete or very good partial responses, 39 percent (95percent confidence interval, 23 to 58 percent) among 81 patientswho had partial responses, and 0 among 46 patients who did nothave even partial responses.
The High-Dose Group
Seventy-four patients in the high-dose group underwent transplantation.The median proportion of plasma cells in the bone marrow graftwas 9 percent (range, 0 to 50 percent; standard deviation, 14).The median duration of neutropenia (<500 cells per cubicmillimeter) and thrombocytopenia after transplantation was 18days (range, 7 to 49; standard deviation, 7.7) and 22 days (range,7 to 60; standard deviation, 10), respectively. There were twotransplantation-related deaths (from staphylococcus and streptococcussepticemia in one patient each; 27 percent).
Of the 74 patients who underwent transplantation, 22 (30 percent)had complete responses, 16 (22 percent) had very good partialresponses, and 32 (43 percent) had partial responses. A lowlevel of beta2-microglobulin in the serum was the only significantpredictor of a complete or a very good partial response (P =0.01). The probabilities of event-free survival and overallsurvival five years after the diagnosis were 39 percent and68 percent, respectively. There was no significant relationbetween the percentage of plasma cells in the graft and event-freesurvival.
Salvage Therapy
In the conventional-dose group, 50 patients relapsed. Five patientsreceived no salvage therapy, 36 received either the VAD regimen(a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.4 mg of vincristineper square meter and 9 mg of doxorubicin per square meter overa 24-hour period for four days, with 40 mg of oral dexamethasoneper day on days 1 through 4) or another regimen of conventionalchemotherapy, and 9 received high-dose therapy (140 mg of melphalanper square meter, with or without total-body irradiation) supportedby autologous hematopoietic stem cells. With a median follow-upamong the surviving patients of 11 months from the time of relapse,the probability of survival for two years after relapse was25 percent in the conventional-dose group (95 percent confidenceinterval, 12 to 44 percent).
In the high-dose group, 46 patients relapsed. Five patientsreceived no salvage therapy, 33 received the VAD regimen oranother form of conventional chemotherapy, and 8 received high-dosemelphalan (140 mg per square meter) supported by autologoushematopoietic stem cells. With a median follow-up among thesurviving patients of 15 months from the time of relapse, theprobability of survival for two years after relapse was 35 percentin the high-dose group (95 percent confidence interval, 18 to57 percent), a proportion not significantly different from thatin the conventional-dose group.
Discussion
Alkylating agents and prednisone have been the standard therapyfor myeloma for the past three decades.1,2,27,28 The rates ofresponse to this treatment range from 40 to 60 percent, butthe median duration of survival does not exceed three years.The combination of alkylating agents with vincristine and doxorubicinhas not had better results than therapy with melphalan and prednisone.29The value of maintenance treatment with interferon alfa in prolongingthe response and survival30 has been assessed in randomizedtrials, which found that the effect of interferon alfa on survival,if any, is marginal.31,32,33,34,35,36 In our trial, there wasa response rate of 57 percent and a median survival of threeyears in the conventional-therapy group despite the combineduse of VMCP, BVAP, and interferon alfa.
High-dose therapy has been reported to improve survival in myelomawhen given to patients with newly diagnosed disease.3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25These results are difficult to assess because the recruitmentof patients for transplantation is subject to a selection biaswith regard to age, performance status, and renal function.Our trial, which was designed to avoid these sources of bias,demonstrates that high-dose therapy improves both event-freeand overall survival. The probability of event-free survivalfor five years after the diagnosis was 12 percent in the conventional-dosegroup and 28 percent in the group treated with high-dose therapyand transplantation (P = 0.01). Survival in these two groupswas 12 percent and 52 percent, respectively (P =0.03). A studyby the Southwest Oncology Group37 comparing high-dose therapywith conventional chemotherapy confirms our results. The datain that study justify the further development of high-dose therapyprograms. The optimal timing of these treatments remains tobe determined. In our trial, transplantation was performed aspart of the initial therapy. Whether delayed transplantation,given at the time of a progression of disease, would have similarresults will be clarified in ongoing trials.37,38
An objective of our trial was to evaluate the feasibility andtoxic effects of transplantation. Twenty-six percent of patientsassigned to this treatment could not receive it. The most commonreasons were poor performance status and insufficient bone marrowcollection, due to the poor response rate observed after theinitial regimen of VMCP and BVAP. Initial chemotherapy witha regimen such as VAD, which can induce responses in 70 to 80percent of patients after two to three cycles,39 could lowerthe exclusion rate. The risk of life-threatening toxic effectsin the high-dose group was a major concern, but transplant-relateddeaths occurred in only 2 of the 74 patients. The rate of deathfrom toxic effects was similar in both groups. Hematopoieticgrowth factors, reported to improve the recovery of neutrophilsafter transplantation, were not administered in our trial.40,41The duration of severe marrow aplasia may be shorter in patientsgiven peripheral-blood stem cells than in those supported withautologous marrow.20,42 We are evaluating this possibility.
In our trial the probability of event-free survival for fiveyears after the diagnosis was only 28 percent among the patientsin the high-dose group. Strategies to improve these resultsare warranted. Our results demonstrate that a complete responseis the most important prognostic factor for survival. it isplausible that a high rate of complete response may be attainedwith more aggressive therapy. The absence of a plateau in thecurve for event-free survival among our patients justifies thedevelopment of new strategies to control any residual diseaseafter transplantation. Interleukin-2, interleukin-4, retinoids,B-cell–directed immunotoxins, and vaccination with idiotypesare being investigated.
Supported by a major grant (1993) from the Programme Hospitalierde Recherche Clinique.
We are indebted to Dr. S.M. Chittal for his critical readingof the manuscript, and to M. Frede for assistance in the preparationof the manuscript.
* Additional centers and investigators participating in the studyare listed in the Appendix.
Source Information
From the Departments of Hematology and Biostatistics, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse (M.A., C.P.); Hôtel Dieu, Nantes (J.-L.H., R.B.); Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseilles (A.-M.S.); Hôpital Albert Michallon, Grenoble (J.-J.S.); Hôpital de Cimiez, Nice (J.-G.F.); Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier (J.-F.R.); Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny (P.C.); Hôpital de la Roche sur Yon, la Roche sur Yon (H.M.); Hôpital C. Huriez, Lille (T.F.); and the Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire d'Angers, Angers (N.I.) — all in France.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Attal at the Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Purpan, Place du Docteur-Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France.
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Appendix
The following additional centers and investigators from theIntergroupe Français du Myélome participated inthis study:
Alençon, Centre hospitalier général (N.Frenkiel); Angers, Centre hospitalier régional et universitaire(C. Foussard); Annecy, Centre hospitalier d'Annecy (B. Corront);Avignon, Hôpital Henri Duffaut (A.M. Touchais, G. Lepeu);Brest, Hôpital Augustin Morvan (C. Autrand); Cahors, Centrehospitalier régional (S. Lassoued); Cannes, Cliniquedu Méridien (S. Dides, H. Naman); Carcassonne, Centrehospitalier général (G. Morlock); Castres, Centrehospitalier général (P. Pitié); Colmar,Centre hospitalier Louis Pasteur (F. Kohser); Grenoble, HôpitalAlbert Michallon (B. Pegourié, L. Molina); Lyon, CentreLéon Bérard (P. Biron); Lyon, Hôpital EdouardHerriot (M. Michallet); Lorient, Centre hospitalier Bodélio(C. Rives); Marseilles, Institut Paoli Calmettes (R. Bouabdallah);Montauban, Clinique du pont de chaume (A. Redon); Montpellier,Centre Val D'Aurelle (M. Fabbro); Nancy, Centre hospitalierBrabois (A.P. Guerci); Nice, Hôpital du Cimiez (N. Gratecos,B. Taillan); Nice, Centre Antoine Lacassagne (A. Thyss); Niort,Centre hospitalier général (D. Arlhac); Perpignan,Centre hospitalier général (J. Camo); Poitiers,Centre hospitalier La Milleterie (A. Sadoun, M.C. Desmarest);Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré (B. Pignon); Rennes,Hôpital sud (B. Grobois); Rodez, Centre hospitalier général(A. Marre); Rouen, Centre Henri Becquerel (M. Monconduit); Rouen,Hôpital de Boisguillaume (A. Daragon); Saint-Brieuc, Centrehospitalier La Beauchée (Y.Y. Agha); Saint-Cloud, CentreRené Huguenin (F. Turpin); Saumur, Centre hospitalier(M. Maigre); Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre (F. Maloisel);Tarbes, Centre hospitalier général (F. Chollet);Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan (F. Huguet, J. Pris); Toulouse,Hôpital Rangueil (M. Laroche); Toulouse, Clinique Pasteur(R. Despax); Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau (P. Colombat, L.Benboubker); Vannes, Centre hospitalier Prosper Chubert (H.Jardel); and Brussels, Belgium, Centre universitaire Saint Luc(J.L. Michaux).
Ayuk, F., Perez-Simon, J. A., Shimoni, A., Sureda, A., Zabelina, T., Schwerdtfeger, R., Martino, R., Sayer, H. G., Alegre, A., Lahuerta, J.-J., Atanackovic, D., Wolschke, C., Nagler, A., Zander, A. R., San Miguel, J. F., Kroger, N.
(2008). Clinical impact of human Jurkat T-cell-line-derived antithymocyte globulin in multiple myeloma patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. haematol
93: 1343-1350
[Abstract][Full Text]
San Miguel, J. F., Schlag, R., Khuageva, N. K., Dimopoulos, M. A., Shpilberg, O., Kropff, M., Spicka, I., Petrucci, M. T., Palumbo, A., Samoilova, O. S., Dmoszynska, A., Abdulkadyrov, K. M., Schots, R., Jiang, B., Mateos, M.-V., Anderson, K. C., Esseltine, D. L., Liu, K., Cakana, A., van de Velde, H., Richardson, P. G., the VISTA Trial Investigators,
(2008). Bortezomib plus Melphalan and Prednisone for Initial Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. NEJM
359: 906-917
[Abstract][Full Text]
Palumbo, A., Gay, F., Bringhen, S., Falcone, A., Pescosta, N., Callea, V., Caravita, T., Morabito, F., Magarotto, V., Ruggeri, M., Avonto, I., Musto, P., Cascavilla, N., Bruno, B., Boccadoro, M.
(2008). Bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone in advanced multiple myeloma. Ann Oncol
19: 1160-1165
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Khong, T., Sharkey, J., Spencer, A.
(2008). The effect of azacitidine on interleukin-6 signaling and nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation and its in vitro and in vivo activity against multiple myeloma. haematol
93: 860-869
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rajkumar, S. V., Rosinol, L., Hussein, M., Catalano, J., Jedrzejczak, W., Lucy, L., Olesnyckyj, M., Yu, Z., Knight, R., Zeldis, J. B., Blade, J.
(2008). Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Thalidomide Plus Dexamethasone Compared With Dexamethasone As Initial Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. JCO
26: 2171-2177
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Mehta, J.
(2008). One or two autografts for myeloma?. Blood
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Kyle, R. A., Rajkumar, S. V.
(2008). Multiple myeloma. Blood
111: 2962-2972
[Abstract][Full Text]
El-Cheikh, J., Michallet, M., Nagler, A., de Lavallade, H., Nicolini, F. E., Shimoni, A., Faucher, C., Sobh, M., Revesz, D., Hardan, I., Furst, S., Blaise, D., Mohty, M.
(2008). High response rate and improved graft-versus-host disease following bortezomib as salvage therapy after reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. haematol
93: 455-458
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Brenner, H., Gondos, A., Pulte, D.
(2008). Recent major improvement in long-term survival of younger patients with multiple myeloma. Blood
111: 2521-2526
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kumar, S. K., Rajkumar, S. V., Dispenzieri, A., Lacy, M. Q., Hayman, S. R., Buadi, F. K., Zeldenrust, S. R., Dingli, D., Russell, S. J., Lust, J. A., Greipp, P. R., Kyle, R. A., Gertz, M. A.
(2008). Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies. Blood
111: 2516-2520
[Abstract][Full Text]
Abdelkefi, A., Ladeb, S., Torjman, L., Othman, T. B., Lakhal, A., Romdhane, N. B., Omri, H. E., Elloumi, M., Belaaj, H., Jeddi, R., Aissaoui, L., Ksouri, H., Hassen, A. B., Msadek, F., Saad, A., Hsairi, M., Boukef, K., Amouri, A., Louzir, H., Dellagi, K., Abdeladhim, A. B., on behalf of the Tunisian Multiple Myeloma Study G,
(2008). Single autologous stem-cell transplantation followed by maintenance therapy with thalidomide is superior to double autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Blood
111: 1805-1810
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Bensinger, W.
(2008). Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Drugs. JCO
26: 480-492
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Rajkumar, S. V., Hayman, S. R.
(2008). Controversies Surrounding the Initial Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Ed Book
2008: 369-374
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barlogie, B., Tricot, G., Haessler, J., van Rhee, F., Cottler-Fox, M., Anaissie, E., Waldron, J., Pineda-Roman, M., Thertulien, R., Zangari, M., Hollmig, K., Mohiuddin, A., Alsayed, Y., Hoering, A., Crowley, J., Sawyer, J.
(2008). Cytogenetically defined myelodysplasia after melphalan-based autotransplantation for multiple myeloma linked to poor hematopoietic stem-cell mobilization: the Arkansas experience in more than 3000 patients treated since 1989. Blood
111: 94-100
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Min, C.-K., Lee, M.-J., Eom, K.-S., Lee, S., Lee, J.-W., Min, W.-S., Kim, C.-C., Kim, M., Lim, J., Kim, Y., Han, K.
(2007). Bortezomib in Combination with Conventional Chemotherapeutic Agents for Multiple Myeloma Compared with Bortezomib Alone. Jpn J Clin Oncol
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Haessler, J., Shaughnessy, J. D. Jr., Zhan, F., Crowley, J., Epstein, J., van Rhee, F., Anaissie, E., Pineda-Roman, M., Zangari, M., Hollmig, K., Mohiuddin, A., Alsayed, Y., Hoering, A., Tricot, G., Barlogie, B.
(2007). Benefit of Complete Response in Multiple Myeloma Limited to High-Risk Subgroup Identified by Gene Expression Profiling. Clin. Cancer Res.
13: 7073-7079
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Sanchorawala, V., Skinner, M., Quillen, K., Finn, K. T., Doros, G., Seldin, D. C.
(2007). Long-term outcome of patients with AL amyloidosis treated with high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation. Blood
110: 3561-3563
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Dingli, D., Pacheco, J. M., Nowakowski, G. S., Kumar, S. K., Dispenzieri, A., Hayman, S. R., Lacy, M. Q., Gastineau, D. A., Gertz, M. A.
(2007). Relationship Between Depth of Response and Outcome in Multiple Myeloma. JCO
25: 4933-4937
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Dimopoulos, M. A., Souliotis, V. L., Anagnostopoulos, A., Bamia, C., Pouli, A., Baltadakis, I., Terpos, E., Kyrtopoulos, S. A., Sfikakis, P. P.
(2007). Melphalan-induced DNA damage in vitro as a predictor for clinical outcome in multiple myeloma. haematol
92: 1505-1512
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Rajkumar, S. V., Richardson, P. G., Lacy, M. Q., Dispenzieri, A., Greipp, P. R., Witzig, T. E., Schlossman, R., Sidor, C. F., Anderson, K. C., Gertz, M. A.
(2007). Novel Therapy with 2-Methoxyestradiol for the Treatment of Relapsed and Plateau Phase Multiple Myeloma. Clin. Cancer Res.
13: 6162-6167
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Rosinol, L., Oriol, A., Mateos, M. V., Sureda, A., Garcia-Sanchez, P., Gutierrez, N., Alegre, A., Lahuerta, J. J., de la Rubia, J., Herrero, C., Liu, X., Van de Velde, H., San Miguel, J., Blade, J.
(2007). Phase II Pethema Trial of Alternating Bortezomib and Dexamethasone As Induction Regimen Before Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Younger Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Efficacy and Clinical Implications of Tumor Response Kinetics. JCO
25: 4452-4458
[Abstract][Full Text]
Palumbo, A., Falco, P., Corradini, P., Falcone, A., Di Raimondo, F., Giuliani, N., Crippa, C., Ciccone, G., Omede, P., Ambrosini, M. T., Gay, F., Bringhen, S., Musto, P., Foa, R., Knight, R., Zeldis, J. B., Boccadoro, M., Petrucci, M. T.
(2007). Melphalan, Prednisone, and Lenalidomide Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Myeloma: A Report From the GIMEMA Italian Multiple Myeloma Network. JCO
25: 4459-4465
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van de Velde, H. J.K., Liu, X., Chen, G., Cakana, A., Deraedt, W., Bayssas, M.
(2007). Complete response correlates with long-term survival and progression-free survival in high-dose therapy in multiple myeloma. haematol
92: 1399-1406
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Katzel, J. A., Hari, P., Vesole, D. H.
(2007). Multiple Myeloma: Charging Toward a Bright Future. CA Cancer J Clin
57: 301-318
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Devetten, M, Armitage, J.
(2007). Hematopoietic cell transplantation: progress and obstacles. Ann Oncol
18: 1450-1456
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Zhang, S., Suvannasankha, A., Crean, C. D., White, V. L., Johnson, A., Chen, C.-S., Farag, S. S.
(2007). OSU-03012, a Novel Celecoxib Derivative, Is Cytotoxic to Myeloma Cells and Acts through Multiple Mechanisms. Clin. Cancer Res.
13: 4750-4758
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Bourhis, J.-H., Bouko, Y., Koscielny, S., Bakkus, M., Greinix, H., Derigs, G., Salles, G., Feremans, W., Apperley, J., Samson, D., Bjorkstrand, B., Niederwieser, D., Gahrton, G., Pico, J.-L., Goldschmidt, H., European Group for Blood Marrow Transplantation (E,
(2007). Relapse risk after autologous transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma is not related with infused tumor cell load and the outcome is not improved by CD34+ cell selection: long term follow-up of an EBMT phase III randomized study. haematol
92: 1083-1090
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Manochakian, R., Miller, K. C., Chanan-Khan, A. A.
(2007). Clinical Impact of Bortezomib in Frontline Regimens for Patients with Multiple Myeloma. The Oncologist
12: 978-990
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Sonneveld, P., van der Holt, B., Segeren, C. M., Vellenga, E., Croockewit, A. J., Verhoef, G. E.G., Cornelissen, J. J., Schaafsma, M. R., van Oers, M. H.J., Wijermans, P. W., Westveer, P. H.M., Lokhorst, H. M.
(2007). Intermediate-dose melphalan compared with myeloablative treatment in multiple myeloma: long-term follow-up of the Dutch Cooperative Group HOVON 24 trial. haematol
92: 928-935
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Salant, D. J., Sanchorawala, V., D'Agati, V. D.
(2007). A Case of Atypical Light Chain Deposition Disease--Diagnosis and Treatment. CJASN
2: 858-867
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Cavo, M., Tosi, P., Zamagni, E., Cellini, C., Tacchetti, P., Patriarca, F., Di Raimondo, F., Volpe, E., Ronconi, S., Cangini, D., Narni, F., Carubelli, A., Masini, L., Catalano, L., Fiacchini, M., de Vivo, A., Gozzetti, A., Lazzaro, A., Tura, S., Baccarani, M.
(2007). Prospective, Randomized Study of Single Compared With Double Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma: Bologna 96 Clinical Study. JCO
25: 2434-2441
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Kobune, M., Chiba, H., Kato, J., Kato, K., Nakamura, K., Kawano, Y., Takada, K., Takimoto, R., Takayama, T., Hamada, H., Niitsu, Y.
(2007). Wnt3/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is involved in adhesion-mediated drug resistance of multiple myeloma in an autocrine mechanism. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
6: 1774-1784
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Richardson, P. G., Mitsiades, C., Schlossman, R., Munshi, N., Anderson, K.
(2007). New Drugs for Myeloma. The Oncologist
12: 664-689
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Kristinsson, S. Y., Landgren, O., Dickman, P. W., Derolf, A. R., Bjorkholm, M.
(2007). Patterns of Survival in Multiple Myeloma: A Population-Based Study of Patients Diagnosed in Sweden From 1973 to 2003. JCO
25: 1993-1999
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Wannesson, L, Panzarella, T, Mikhael, J, Keating, A
(2007). Feasibility and safety of autotransplants with noncryopreserved marrow or peripheral blood stem cells: a systematic review. Ann Oncol
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Cook, L., Macdonald, D. H C
(2007). Management of paraproteinaemia. Postgrad. Med. J.
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Palumbo, A., Ambrosini, M. T., Benevolo, G., Pregno, P., Pescosta, N., Callea, V., Cangialosi, C., Caravita, T., Morabito, F., Musto, P., Bringhen, S., Falco, P., Avonto, I., Cavallo, F., Boccadoro, M., for the Italian Multiple Myeloma Network, Gruppo I,
(2007). Bortezomib, melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide for relapsed multiple myeloma. Blood
109: 2767-2772
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Bruno, B., Rotta, M., Patriarca, F., Mordini, N., Allione, B., Carnevale-Schianca, F., Giaccone, L., Sorasio, R., Omede, P., Baldi, I., Bringhen, S., Massaia, M., Aglietta, M., Levis, A., Gallamini, A., Fanin, R., Palumbo, A., Storb, R., Ciccone, G., Boccadoro, M.
(2007). A Comparison of Allografting with Autografting for Newly Diagnosed Myeloma. NEJM
356: 1110-1120
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Fonseca, R., Stewart, A. K.
(2007). Targeted therapeutics for multiple myeloma: The arrival of a risk-stratified approach. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
6: 802-810
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Jakob, C., Egerer, K., Liebisch, P., Turkmen, S., Zavrski, I., Kuckelkorn, U., Heider, U., Kaiser, M., Fleissner, C., Sterz, J., Kleeberg, L., Feist, E., Burmester, G.-R., Kloetzel, P.-M., Sezer, O.
(2007). Circulating proteasome levels are an independent prognostic factor for survival in multiple myeloma. Blood
109: 2100-2105
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Baz, R, Walker, E, Karam, M., Choueiri, T., Jawde, R., Bruening, K, Reed, J, Faiman, B, Ellis, Y, Brand, C, Srkalovic, G, Andresen, S, Knight, R, Zeldis, J, Hussein, M.
(2006). Lenalidomide and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: safety and efficacy. Ann Oncol
17: 1766-1771
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Lonial, S.
(2006). When "the same" is really "different". Blood
108: 3233-3234
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Richardson, P. G., Blood, E., Mitsiades, C. S., Jagannath, S., Zeldenrust, S. R., Alsina, M., Schlossman, R. L., Rajkumar, S. V., Desikan, K. R., Hideshima, T., Munshi, N. C., Kelly-Colson, K., Doss, D., McKenney, M. L., Gorelik, S., Warren, D., Freeman, A., Rich, R., Wu, A., Olesnyckyj, M., Wride, K., Dalton, W. S., Zeldis, J., Knight, R., Weller, E., Anderson, K. C.
(2006). A randomized phase 2 study of lenalidomide therapy for patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood
108: 3458-3464
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Attal, M., Harousseau, J.-L., Leyvraz, S., Doyen, C., Hulin, C., Benboubker, L., Agha, I. Y., Bourhis, J.-H., Garderet, L., Pegourie, B., Dumontet, C., Renaud, M., Voillat, L., Berthou, C., Marit, G., Monconduit, M., Caillot, D., Grobois, B., Avet-Loiseau, H., Moreau, P., Facon, T., for the Inter-Groupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM),
(2006). Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood
108: 3289-3294
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Sanchorawala, V.
(2006). Light-Chain (AL) Amyloidosis: Diagnosis and Treatment. CJASN
1: 1331-1341
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Offidani, M., Corvatta, L., Piersantelli, M.-N., Visani, G., Alesiani, F., Brunori, M., Galieni, P., Catarini, M., Burattini, M., Centurioni, R., Ferranti, M., Rupoli, S., Scortechini, A. R., Giuliodori, L., Candela, M., Capelli, D., Montanari, M., Olivieri, A., Poloni, A., Polloni, C., Marconi, M., Leoni, P.
(2006). Thalidomide, dexamethasone, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (ThaDD) for patients older than 65 years with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood
108: 2159-2164
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Mateos, M.-V., Hernandez, J.-M., Hernandez, M.-T., Gutierrez, N.-C., Palomera, L., Fuertes, M., Diaz-Mediavilla, J., Lahuerta, J.-J., de la Rubia, J., Terol, M.-J., Sureda, A., Bargay, J., Ribas, P., de Arriba, F., Alegre, A., Oriol, A., Carrera, D., Garcia-Larana, J., Garcia-Sanz, R., Blade, J., Prosper, F., Mateo, G., Esseltine, D.-L., van de Velde, H., Miguel, J.-F. S.
(2006). Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1/2 study. Blood
108: 2165-2172
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Eom, K.-S., Min, C.-K., Lee, S., Kim, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, H.-J., Lee, J.-W., Min, W.-S., Kim, C.-C.
(2006). Efficacy of Up-Front Treatment with a Double Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma. Jpn J Clin Oncol
36: 432-438
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Rizvi, M. A., Ghias, K., Davies, K. M., Ma, C., Weinberg, F., Munshi, H. G., Krett, N. L., Rosen, S. T.
(2006). Enzastaurin (LY317615), a protein kinase C{beta} inhibitor, inhibits the AKT pathway and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines.. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
5: 1783-1789
[Abstract][Full Text]
Condomines, M., Quittet, P., Lu, Z.-Y., Nadal, L., Latry, P., Lopez, E., Baudard, M., Requirand, G., Duperray, C., Schved, J.-F., Rossi, J.-F., Tarte, K., Klein, B.
(2006). Functional Regulatory T Cells Are Collected in Stem Cell Autografts by Mobilization with High-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor.. J. Immunol.
176: 6631-6639
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Trudel, S., Stewart, A. K., Rom, E., Wei, E., Li, Z. H., Kotzer, S., Chumakov, I., Singer, Y., Chang, H., Liang, S.-B., Yayon, A.
(2006). The inhibitory anti-FGFR3 antibody, PRO-001, is cytotoxic to t(4;14) multiple myeloma cells. Blood
107: 4039-4046
[Abstract][Full Text]
Garban, F., Attal, M., Michallet, M., Hulin, C., Bourhis, J. H., Yakoub-Agha, I., Lamy, T., Marit, G., Maloisel, F., Berthou, C., Dib, M., Caillot, D., dePrijck, B., Ketterer, N., Harousseau, J.-L., Sotto, J.-J., Moreau, P., for the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome and the,
(2006). Prospective comparison of autologous stem cell transplantation followed by dose-reduced allograft (IFM99-03 trial) with tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (IFM99-04 trial) in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma. Blood
107: 3474-3480
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Copelan, E. A.
(2006). Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.. NEJM
354: 1813-1826
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Dingli, D., Nowakowski, G. S., Dispenzieri, A., Lacy, M. Q., Hayman, S. R., Rajkumar, S. V., Greipp, P. R., Litzow, M. R., Gastineau, D. A., Witzig, T. E., Gertz, M. A.
(2006). Flow cytometric detection of circulating myeloma cells before transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: a simple risk stratification system. Blood
107: 3384-3388
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Dispenzieri, A., Lacy, M. Q., Katzmann, J. A., Rajkumar, S. V., Abraham, R. S., Hayman, S. R., Kumar, S. K., Clark, R., Kyle, R. A., Litzow, M. R., Inwards, D. J., Ansell, S. M., Micallef, I. M., Porrata, L. F., Elliott, M. A., Johnston, P. B., Greipp, P. R., Witzig, T. E., Zeldenrust, S. R., Russell, S. J., Gastineau, D., Gertz, M. A.
(2006). Absolute values of immunoglobulin free light chains are prognostic in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Blood
107: 3378-3383
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barlogie, B., Tricot, G., Rasmussen, E., Anaissie, E., van Rhee, F., Zangari, M., Fassas, A., Hollmig, K., Pineda-Roman, M., Shaughnessy, J., Epstein, J., Crowley, J.
(2006). Total therapy 2 without thalidomide in comparison with total therapy 1: role of intensified induction and posttransplantation consolidation therapies. Blood
107: 2633-2638
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Barlogie, B., Tricot, G., Anaissie, E., Shaughnessy, J., Rasmussen, E., van Rhee, F., Fassas, A., Zangari, M., Hollmig, K., Pineda-Roman, M., Lee, C., Talamo, G., Thertulien, R., Kiwan, E., Krishna, S., Fox, M., Crowley, J.
(2006). Thalidomide and Hematopoietic-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma. NEJM
354: 1021-1030
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Haubitz, M., Peest, D.
(2006). Myeloma - new approaches to combined nephrological-haematological management. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21: 582-590
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Berenson, J. R., Yang, H. H., Sadler, K., Jarutirasarn, S. G., Vescio, R. A., Mapes, R., Purner, M., Lee, S.-p., Wilson, J., Morrison, B., Adams, J., Schenkein, D., Swift, R.
(2006). Phase I/II Trial Assessing Bortezomib and Melphalan Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. JCO
24: 937-944
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Barlogie, B., Kyle, R. A., Anderson, K. C., Greipp, P. R., Lazarus, H. M., Hurd, D. D., McCoy, J., Dakhil, S. R., Lanier, K. S., Chapman, R. A., Cromer, J. N., Salmon, S. E., Durie, B., Crowley, J. C.
(2006). Standard Chemotherapy Compared With High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy for Multiple Myeloma: Final Results of Phase III US Intergroup Trial S9321. JCO
24: 929-936
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Rajkumar, S. V., Blood, E., Vesole, D., Fonseca, R., Greipp, P. R.
(2006). Phase III Clinical Trial of Thalidomide Plus Dexamethasone Compared With Dexamethasone Alone in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Clinical Trial Coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. JCO
24: 431-436
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Richardson, P., Anderson, K.
(2006). Thalidomide and Dexamethasone: A New Standard of Care for Initial Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. JCO
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Orlowski, R. Z.
(2006). Initial Therapy of Multiple Myeloma Patients Who Are Not Candidates for Stem Cell Transplantation. ASH Education Book
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Moreau, P., Hullin, C., Garban, F., Yakoub-Agha, I., Benboubker, L., Attal, M., Marit, G., Fuzibet, J.-G., Doyen, C., Voillat, L., Berthou, C., Ketterer, N., Casassus, P., Monconduit, M., Michallet, M., Najman, A., Sotto, J.-J., Bataille, R., Harousseau, J.-L., for the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome group,
(2006). Tandem autologous stem cell transplantation in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma: final results of the prospective and randomized IFM 99-04 protocol. Blood
107: 397-403
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Fermand, J.-P., Katsahian, S., Divine, M., Leblond, V., Dreyfus, F., Macro, M., Arnulf, B., Royer, B., Mariette, X., Pertuiset, E., Belanger, C., Janvier, M., Chevret, S., Brouet, J. C., Ravaud, P.
(2005). High-Dose Therapy and Autologous Blood Stem-Cell Transplantation Compared With Conventional Treatment in Myeloma Patients Aged 55 to 65 Years: Long-Term Results of a Randomized Control Trial From the Group Myelome-Autogreffe. JCO
23: 9227-9233
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Augustson, B. M., Begum, G., Dunn, J. A., Barth, N. J., Davies, F., Morgan, G., Behrens, J., Smith, A., Child, J. A., Drayson, M. T.
(2005). Early Mortality After Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma: Analysis of Patients Entered Onto the United Kingdom Medical Research Council Trials Between 1980 and 2002--Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party. JCO
23: 9219-9226
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Rajkumar, S. V., Hayman, S. R., Lacy, M. Q., Dispenzieri, A., Geyer, S. M., Kabat, B., Zeldenrust, S. R., Kumar, S., Greipp, P. R., Fonseca, R., Lust, J. A., Russell, S. J., Kyle, R. A., Witzig, T. E., Gertz, M. A.
(2005). Combination therapy with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (Rev/Dex) for newly diagnosed myeloma. Blood
106: 4050-4053
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Goodyear, O., Piper, K., Khan, N., Starczynski, J., Mahendra, P., Pratt, G., Moss, P.
(2005). CD8+T cells specific for cancer germline gene antigens are found in many patients with multiple myeloma, and their frequency correlates with disease burden. Blood
106: 4217-4224
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Gribben, J. G., Zahrieh, D., Stephans, K., Bartlett-Pandite, L., Alyea, E. P., Fisher, D. C., Freedman, A. S., Mauch, P., Schlossman, R., Sequist, L. V., Soiffer, R. J., Marshall, B., Neuberg, D., Ritz, J., Nadler, L. M.
(2005). Autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantations for poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
106: 4389-4396
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Munshi, N. C., Anderson, K. C.
(2005). To transplant or not to transplant?. Blood
106: 3687-3688
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Blade, J., Rosinol, L., Sureda, A., Ribera, J. M., Diaz-Mediavilla, J., Garcia-Larana, J., Mateos, M. V., Palomera, L., Fernandez-Calvo, J., Marti, J. M., Giraldo, P., Carbonell, F., Callis, M., Trujillo, J., Gardella, S., Moro, M. J., Barez, A., Soler, A., Font, L., Fontanillas, M., Miguel, J. S., for Programa para el Estudio de la Terapeutica en,
(2005). High-dose therapy intensification compared with continued standard chemotherapy in multiple myeloma patients responding to the initial chemotherapy: long-term results from a prospective randomized trial from the Spanish cooperative group PETHEMA. Blood
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Richardson, P. G. G., Barlogie, B., Berenson, J., Singhal, S., Jagannath, S., Irwin, D., Rajkumar, S. V., Hideshima, T., Xiao, H., Esseltine, D., Schenkein, D., Anderson, K. C., for the SUMMIT Investigators,
(2005). Clinical factors predictive of outcome with bortezomib in patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma. Blood
106: 2977-2981
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Geffroy-Luseau, A., Moreau-Aubry, A., Bataille, R., Pellat-Deceunynck, C.
(2005). Allogeneic T lymphocytes as a source of peptide-dependent T cells specific for myeloma cells. Int Immunol
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Cavo, M., Zamagni, E., Tosi, P., Tacchetti, P., Cellini, C., Cangini, D., de Vivo, A., Testoni, N., Nicci, C., Terragna, C., Grafone, T., Perrone, G., Ceccolini, M., Tura, S., Baccarani, M., for the writing committee of the Bologna 2002 stud,
(2005). Superiority of thalidomide and dexamethasone over vincristine-doxorubicindexamethasone (VAD) as primary therapy in preparation for autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma. Blood
106: 35-39
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Richardson, P. G., Sonneveld, P., Schuster, M. W., Irwin, D., Stadtmauer, E. A., Facon, T., Harousseau, J.-L., Ben-Yehuda, D., Lonial, S., Goldschmidt, H., Reece, D., San-Miguel, J. F., Blade, J., Boccadoro, M., Cavenagh, J., Dalton, W. S., Boral, A. L., Esseltine, D. L., Porter, J. B., Schenkein, D., Anderson, K. C., the Assessment of Proteasome Inhibition for Extend,
(2005). Bortezomib or High-Dose Dexamethasone for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma. NEJM
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van Rhee, F., Szmania, S. M., Zhan, F., Gupta, S. K., Pomtree, M., Lin, P., Batchu, R. B., Moreno, A., Spagnoli, G., Shaughnessy, J., Tricot, G.
(2005). NY-ESO-1 is highly expressed in poor-prognosis multiple myeloma and induces spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses. Blood
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Abrahamsen, B., Andersen, I., Christensen, S. S, Skov Madsen, J., Brixen, K.
(2005). Utility of testing for monoclonal bands in serum of patients with suspected osteoporosis: retrospective, cross sectional study. BMJ
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Raab, M. S., Cremer, F. W., Breitkreutz, I. N., Gerull, S., Luft, T., Benner, A., Goerner, M., Ho, A. D., Goldschmidt, H., Moos, M.
(2005). Molecular monitoring of tumour load kinetics predicts disease progression after non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. Ann Oncol
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Trudel, S., Li, Z. H., Wei, E., Wiesmann, M., Chang, H., Chen, C., Reece, D., Heise, C., Stewart, A. K.
(2005). CHIR-258, a novel, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the potential treatment of t(4;14) multiple myeloma. Blood
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Bae, J., Martinson, J. A., Klingemann, H. G.
(2005). Identification of CD19 and CD20 Peptides for Induction of Antigen-Specific CTLs against B-Cell Malignancies. Clin. Cancer Res.
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Lin, B., Catley, L., LeBlanc, R., Mitsiades, C., Burger, R., Tai, Y.-T., Podar, K., Wartmann, M., Chauhan, D., Griffin, J. D., Anderson, K. C.
(2005). Patupilone (epothilone B) inhibits growth and survival of multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. Blood
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Chang, H., Qi, C., Yi, Q.-L., Reece, D., Stewart, A. K.
(2005). p53 gene deletion detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization is an adverse prognostic factor for patients with multiple myeloma following autologous stem cell transplantation. Blood
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Richardson, P. G., Kassarjian, A., Jing, W.
(2004). Case 38-2004 - A 40-Year-Old Man with a Large Tumor of the Skull. NEJM
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(2004). Results of a Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial of Thalidomide and Prednisone Maintenance Therapy for Multiple Myeloma after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant. Clin. Cancer Res.
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Palumbo, A., Bringhen, S., Petrucci, M. T., Musto, P., Rossini, F., Nunzi, M., Lauta, V. M., Bergonzi, C., Barbui, A., Caravita, T., Capaldi, A., Pregno, P., Guglielmelli, T., Grasso, M., Callea, V., Bertola, A., Cavallo, F., Falco, P., Rus, C., Massaia, M., Mandelli, F., Carella, A. M., Pogliani, E., Liberati, A. M., Dammacco, F., Ciccone, G., Boccadoro, M.
(2004). Intermediate-dose melphalan improves survival of myeloma patients aged 50 to 70: results of a randomized controlled trial. Blood
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Dispenzieri, A., Moreno-Aspitia, A., Suarez, G. A., Lacy, M. Q., Colon-Otero, G., Tefferi, A., Litzow, M. R., Roy, V., Hogan, W. J., Kyle, R. A., Gertz, M. A.
(2004). Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in 16 patients with POEMS syndrome, and a review of the literature. Blood
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Krett, N. L., Davies, K. M., Ayres, M., Ma, C., Nabhan, C., Gandhi, V., Rosen, S. T.
(2004). 8-Amino-adenosine is a potential therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
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Goodman, H. J. B., Hawkins, P. N., Dispenzieri, A., Gertz, M. A., Kyle, R. A., Mehta, J.
(2004). The role of PBSCT in treatment of AL amyloidosis is far from settled. Blood
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(2004). Multiple Myeloma. NEJM
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(2004). Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation Can Be Performed Safely Without the Use of Blood-Product Support. JCO
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Straka, C., Oduncu, F., Hinke, A., Einsele, H., Drexler, E., Schnabel, B., Arseniev, L., Walther, J., Konig, A., Emmerich, B.
(2004). Responsiveness to G-CSF before leukopenia predicts defense to infection in high-dose chemotherapy recipients. Blood
104: 1989-1994
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Andre, F., Slimane, K., Bachelot, T., Dunant, A., Namer, M., Barrelier, A., Kabbaj, O., Spano, J. P., Marsiglia, H., Rouzier, R., Delaloge, S., Spielmann, M.
(2004). Breast Cancer With Synchronous Metastases: Trends in Survival During a 14-Year Period. JCO
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Kumar, S., Witzig, T. E., Timm, M., Haug, J., Wellik, L., Kimlinger, T. K., Greipp, P. R., Rajkumar, S. V.
(2004). Bone marrow angiogenic ability and expression of angiogenic cytokines in myeloma: evidence favoring loss of marrow angiogenesis inhibitory activity with disease progression. Blood
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