Transplantation of Bone Marrow as Compared with Peripheral-Blood Cells from HLA-Identical Relatives in Patients with Hematologic Cancers
William I. Bensinger, M.D., Paul J. Martin, M.D., Barry Storer, Ph.D., Reginald Clift, F.I.M.L.S., Steven J. Forman, M.D., Robert Negrin, M.D., Ashwin Kashyap, M.D., Mary E.D. Flowers, M.D., Kathy Lilleby, R.N., Thomas R. Chauncey, M.D., Rainer Storb, M.D., and Frederick R. Appelbaum, M.D.
Background In recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplants,peripheral-blood cells mobilized with the use of filgrastim(recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) engraftmore rapidly than bone marrow. However, the relative effectsof these techniques on the rates of acute and chronic graft-versus-hostdisease, overall survival, and disease-free survival have notbeen determined in randomized studies.
Methods Between March 1996 and July 1999, 172 patients (12 to55 years of age) with hematologic cancer were randomly assignedto receive either bone marrow or filgrastim-mobilized peripheral-bloodcells from HLA-identical relatives for hematopoietic rescueafter the treatment of hematologic cancer with high doses ofchemotherapy, with or without radiation.
Results The recovery of both neutrophils and platelets was fasterwith peripheral-blood cells than with marrow (P<0.001 forboth comparisons). The cumulative incidence of grade II, III,or IV acute graft-versus-host disease at 100 days was 64 percentwith peripheral-blood cells and 57 percent with marrow (hazardratio, 1.21; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.81; P=0.35).The cumulative incidence of chronic graft-versus-host diseasewas 46 percent with peripheral-blood cells and 35 percent withmarrow (hazard ratio, 1.16; 95 percent confidence interval,0.71 to 1.90; P= 0.54). The estimated overall probability ofsurvival at two years was 66 percent with peripheral-blood cellsand 54 percent with marrow (hazard ratio for death, 0.62; 95percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 1.02; P= 0.06). The rateof disease-free survival at two years was 65 percent with peripheral-bloodcells and 45 percent with marrow (hazard ratio for relapse ordeath, 0.60; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.95; P=0.03).
Conclusions In patients given high-dose chemotherapy, with orwithout radiation, for the treatment of hematologic cancer,allogeneic peripheral-blood cells used for hematopoietic rescuerestore blood counts faster than allogeneic bone marrow, withoutincreasing the risk of graft-versus-host disease.
Hematopoietic cells reside predominantly in the bone marrowbut can be mobilized in large numbers in the blood by the administrationof filgrastim (recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor[G-CSF]). Apheresis products containing G-CSF–mobilizedperipheral-blood cells are now widely used instead of bone marrowfor autologous transplantation.1 Peripheral-blood cells engenderhematopoietic recovery after transplantation more rapidly thandoes marrow. These favorable results with autologous cells promptedphase 1 and 2 evaluations of the use of allogeneic peripheral-bloodcells for hematopoietic rescue.2,3,4 The results of these studies,which used historical controls, suggested that the recoveryof neutrophils, red cells, and platelets was faster with theuse of peripheral-blood cells than with the use of marrow, withno apparent increase in the incidence of acute graft-versus-hostdisease (GVHD).5,6,7 In these retrospective analyses, however,the outcomes with respect to chronic GVHD, relapse, and survivalwere conflicting.8,9,10,11,12,13,14
In 1995, we initiated a multicenter, randomized trial to comparethe use of allogeneic marrow with the use of peripheral-bloodcells from HLA-identical related donors with respect to theincidence of acute and chronic GVHD and to confirm that engraftmentoccurs more rapidly with peripheral-blood cells than with bonemarrow. Since the initiation of this trial, the results of fourrandomized studies, each involving 37 to 100 patients, havebeen reported.15,16,17,18 These trials found that engraftmentwith peripheral-blood cells was more rapid, but because of thesize and design of the studies, questions remained about therelative effects of peripheral-blood cells and marrow on theincidence of chronic GVHD and on rates of relapse and survival.
Methods
Study Design
This trial was conducted at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer ResearchCenter (Seattle), Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford,Calif.), and City of Hope Medical Center (Duarte, Calif.). Asingle study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutionalreview boards of the participating centers. Eligible patients(or their parents or guardians) and their donors gave writteninformed consent before randomization.
Patients between the ages of 12 and 55 years were eligible forthe study if they had a hematologic cancer for which allogeneictransplantation of marrow or peripheral-blood cells from anHLA-identical, related donor who was at least 12 years old wasindicated. Enrollment criteria included a serum creatinine concentrationof less than 1.5 mg per deciliter (133 µmol per liter),a cardiac ejection fraction of more than 45 percent, a correctedpulmonary carbon monoxide diffusing capacity that was more than50 percent of the predicted value, and results on liver-functiontests that were less than twice the upper limit of normal. Donorswere required to have normal results on physical examination,normal serum chemical values, normal blood counts, and negativeresults on serologic testing for the human immunodeficiencyvirus and hepatitis B; premenopausal female donors were alsorequired to have a negative result on a pregnancy test.
After random assignment to transplantation with peripheral-bloodcells or bone marrow, the patients were stratified accordingto treatment center, age (30 or >30 years), and stage ofcancer (less advanced or more advanced). Within these strata,assignments were balanced in blocks of random size. Less advancedcancers were defined as acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblasticleukemia in first remission; chronic myeloid leukemia in a chronicphase; lymphoma in first remission, untreated first relapse,or second remission; and refractory anemia without excess blasts.All other stages of these cancers and all other types of hematologiccancers were considered more advanced disease.
Disease-specific conditioning regimens were administered beforetransplantation, according to the usual protocols at each institution,and included high-dose chemotherapy with or without total-bodyirradiation (total dose, 12 to 13.5 Gy). Marrow was collectedfrom the donor by standard techniques on the day of infusion.After treatment of the donor with subcutaneous G-CSF at a doseof 16 µg per kilogram of body weight, given once dailyfor five days, peripheral-blood cells were collected by apheresisbeginning one day before the infusion of cells into the recipient.This dose has been reported to provide satisfactory mobilizationof cells and to be tolerated well.19 The cells were stored overnightat 4°C. If the first apheresis procedure resulted in thecollection of at least 5.0x106 CD34+ cells per kilogram of therecipient's body weight, the cells were infused the next day,with no further apheresis of cells from the donor. If the firstprocedure resulted in the collection of fewer than 5.0x106 CD34+cells per kilogram of the recipient's body weight, a secondprocedure was performed the next day, and cells from both collectionswere infused on that day.
Methotrexate and cyclosporine were given for the preventionof GVHD.20 Cases of acute or chronic GVHD were diagnosed andmanaged according to methods described previously.21,22 Antibioticswere administered according to the usual policies at each centerto prevent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Patientswere treated with G-CSF only when myeloid engraftment was delayedor impaired.
The day of neutrophil engraftment was defined as the first ofthree consecutive days on which the patient's absolute neutrophilcount was above 500 per cubic millimeter. The day of plateletengraftment was defined as the first of seven consecutive dayson which the platelet count was above 20,000 per cubic millimeterwithout platelet transfusion.
The primary end point of the study was grade II, III, or IVacute GVHD within the first 100 days after transplantation.Acute GVHD was graded according to standard criteria.21 Ournull hypothesis was that the incidence of acute GVHD in patientswho received peripheral-blood cells would be at least 10 percentgreater than the incidence in those who received bone marrow,and we sought to reject that hypothesis. An analysis of historicaldata suggested that the incidence of acute GVHD might be asmuch as 20 percent lower with peripheral-blood cells than withmarrow. A total of 200 patients, with random assignment of 100to each group, would be required to provide the study with 89percent power to reject the null hypothesis at the one-sided0.05 level of significance if the incidence of acute GVHD withperipheral-blood cells was in fact 10 percent lower than theincidence with marrow. Similarly, if we used a standard nullhypothesis of equal incidence in the two groups and a two-sided0.05 level of significance, the power of the study would be81 percent to detect a true difference of 20 percent betweenthe rates in the two groups. We planned to undertake an interimanalysis after 100 patients had been evaluated for the gradeof acute GVHD, with a provision to stop the study early if thenull hypothesis could be rejected at the 0.01 level of significance.There was also a provision to stop the study early if the rateof chronic GVHD in the group given peripheral-blood cells wasmore than 10 percent higher than that in the group given bonemarrow at the one-sided 0.05 level of significance.
After 100 patients had been enrolled in the study, a data andsafety monitoring committee undertook an interim analysis. Thisanalysis, completed in June 1999, included data on acute GVHDin these initial 100 patients and data on survival in the 138patients who underwent transplantation through February 1999.Neither of the predefined criteria for stopping the study wasmet; however, a review of available mortality data indicateda highly significant difference in survival that favored thegroup given peripheral-blood cells (P=0.002, by the likelihood-ratiotest for a proportional-hazards model). According to the recommendationof the committee, the study was closed to new patients early,in July 1999, at which time 175 patients had been enrolled.This report includes data on these 175 patients, with all availablefollow-up data through June 2000.
Statistical Analysis
Estimates of overall survival and disease-free survival werecalculated with use of the Kaplan–Meier method.23 Thecumulative rates of acute and chronic GVHD, relapse, and transplantation-relateddeath were computed according to the method described by Kalbfleischand Prentice.24 The statistical significance of differencesin these end points between the two groups was calculated withuse of the likelihood-ratio statistic for proportional-hazardsregression models, with adjustment for risk factors where appropriate.Hazard ratios were estimated from these models, in which patientswere stratified according to center, risk (more or less advanceddisease), and age (30 or >30 years). The significance ofdifferences between the two groups in the numbers of cells administered,the time to engraftment, and the number of transfusions requiredwas evaluated with the use of two-sample t-tests; the specificmethods of evaluation were not prespecified and followed usualstatistical practice. All comparisons were performed accordingto the intention-to-treat principle and tested a null hypothesisof equivalence between the two groups. All P values are two-sided.The P values and confidence intervals reported do not reflectany effects of the interim analysis or early closure of thestudy.
Results
Characteristics of the Patients
A total of 175 patients consented to participate and were randomlyassigned to one of the two study groups. Shortly after randomizationbut before the beginning of treatment, three patients were foundto be ineligible (one assigned to receive marrow and two assignedto receive peripheral-blood cells) and were given alternativetherapy; the results for these three patients were excludedfrom further analysis. Five other patients withdrew after randomization:two because of their physicians' preference, two because oftheir own preference, and one because the donor withdrew consent.Three of these five patients had been assigned to receive marrowbut received peripheral-blood cells instead, and two of themhad been assigned to receive peripheral-blood cells but receivedmarrow instead. The results for these five patients were includedin the intention-to-treat analysis according to their randomlyassigned treatment. There were no significant differences betweenthe two groups of patients with respect to their base-line characteristics(Table 1) or the conditioning regimens they received beforetransplantation (Table 2).
Table 2. Conditioning Regimens Used before Transplantation, According to Treatment Assignment.
Blood-Cell Harvest
Bone marrow was collected from 90 donors without incident. Peripheral-bloodcells were collected from 82 donors, 55 with a single apheresisprocedure, 25 with two apheresis procedures, 1 with three procedures,and 1 with four procedures. The collections that required threeor four apheresis procedures were considered protocol violations.After two collections, the apheresis products from six donorscontained fewer than 5.0x106 CD34+ cells per kilogram of thepatient's body weight. Of these six products, five containedmore than 4.0x106 CD34+ cells per kilogram, and one containedonly 1.0x106 CD34+ cells per kilogram; in the latter case, marrowwas then collected from the donor and infused with the peripheral-bloodcells. Histologic evaluation of marrow from this donor revealedmyelodysplasia.25 Data from the two patients who received peripheral-bloodcells from more than two collections and from the single patientwho received both peripheral-blood cells and marrow were includedwith those of the peripheral-blood cell group, according tothese patients' original random assignment. The blood-cell graftscontained approximately 5, 3, and 12 times the numbers of nucleatedcells, CD34+ cells, and CD3+ T cells, respectively, that werepresent in the marrow grafts (Table 3).
Table 3. Characteristics of the Transplanted Cells, According to Patients' Treatment Assignment.
Time to Engraftment and Transfusion Requirements
Absolute neutrophil counts exceeded 500 per cubic millimeterfive days earlier in the patients assigned to receive peripheral-bloodcells than in the patients assigned to receive bone marrow (P<0.001)(Table 4). Similarly, platelet counts exceeded 20,000 per cubicmillimeter, without the need for transfusions, six days earlierin the peripheral-blood–cell group than in the bone marrowgroup (P<0.001). Fewer units of platelets were transfusedin the peripheral-blood–cell group than in the bone marrowgroup (P=0.003), but the two groups received a similar numberof units of red cells.
Table 4. Time to Engraftment and Transfusion Requirements, According to Treatment Assignment.
Acute and Chronic GVHD
The incidence of grade II, III, or IV acute GVHD was similarin the two study groups (hazard ratio for the peripheral-blood–cellgroup vs. the bone marrow group, 1.21; 95 percent confidenceinterval, 0.81 to 1.81; P=0.35). The cumulative incidence ofgrade II, III, or IV acute GVHD at 100 days was 64 percent inthe peripheral-blood–cell group and 57 percent in thebone marrow group. The two groups were also similar in termsof the rates of grade III or IV acute GVHD (hazard ratio forthe peripheral-blood–cell group vs. the bone marrow group,1.27; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.55 to 2.89; P=0.57).The cumulative incidence of grade III or IV acute GVHD at 100days was 15 percent in the peripheral-blood–cell groupand 12 percent in the bone marrow group.
Extensive, chronic GVHD occurred in 37 of the patients assignedto receive peripheral-blood cells as compared with 32 of thoseassigned to receive bone marrow. The cumulative incidence ofextensive, chronic GVHD at two years was 46 percent in the peripheral-blood–cellgroup and 35 percent in the bone marrow group (hazard ratio,1.16; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.90; P=0.54)(Figure 1).
Figure 1. Cumulative Incidence of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) in the Two Study Groups.
Among the patients randomly assigned to receive peripheral-blood cells, the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at two years was 46 percent, as compared with 35 percent among those assigned to receive bone marrow.
Rates of Death, Relapse, and Survival
Of the 81 patients assigned to receive peripheral-blood cells,29 died during the follow-up period, as compared with 42 ofthe 91 patients in the bone marrow group. The predominant causesof death in the bone marrow group were noninfectious pneumoniaand recurrent disease (Table 5). There was no difference betweenthe two groups in the number of nonfatal infections. The cumulativeincidence of transplantation-related death at two years was21 percent in the peripheral-blood–cell group and 30 percentin the bone marrow group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95 percent confidenceinterval, 0.38 to 1.28; P=0.24). The cumulative incidence ofrelapse at two years was 14 percent in the peripheral-blood–cellgroup and 25 percent in the bone marrow group (hazard ratio,0.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.24 to 1.00; P=0.04).
Table 5. Causes of Death during Follow-up, According to Treatment Assignment.
The median follow-up time for all the surviving patients was26 months (range, 9 to 47). The estimated probability of survivalat two years was 66 percent in the peripheral-blood–cellgroup, as compared with 54 percent in the bone marrow group(hazard ratio for death, 0.62; 95 percent confidence interval,0.38 to 1.02; P=0.06) (Figure 2). The rate of disease-free survivalfor all the patients at two years was 65 percent in the peripheral-blood–cellgroup, as compared with 45 percent in the bone marrow group(hazard ratio for relapse or death, 0.60; 95 percent confidenceinterval, 0.38 to 0.95; P=0.03).
Figure 2. Probability of Survival in the Two Study Groups.
Among the patients randomly assigned to receive peripheral-blood cells, the probability of survival at two years was 66 percent, as compared with 54 percent among those assigned to receive bone marrow.
In the subgroup of patients with less advanced cancer, the estimatedprobability of survival at two years was 75 percent among thoseassigned to receive peripheral-blood cells and 72 percent amongthose assigned to receive bone marrow (hazard ratio for death,0.82; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 1.85; P=0.63).In the subgroup of patients with more advanced cancer, the estimatedprobability of survival at two years was 57 percent among thoseassigned to receive peripheral-blood cells and 33 percent amongthose assigned to receive marrow (hazard ratio for death, 0.54;95 percent confidence interval, 0.29 to 0.99; P=0.04). The interactionbetween the stage of disease and the type of graft was not statisticallysignificant (P=0.42).
Discussion
In this randomized trial, the transplantation of allogeneicperipheral-blood cells after high-dose chemotherapy for thetreatment of hematologic cancer was associated with faster recoveryof neutrophils and platelets and with the transfusion of fewerunits of platelets than was the transplantation of allogeneicbone marrow. These results are similar to those generally observedwith autologous hematopoietic cells. Even though the numberof CD3+ cells (i.e., T cells) in the peripheral-blood–celltransplants was 12 times that in the marrow transplants, therates of acute and chronic GVHD were not significantly higherin the group that received peripheral-blood cells. Our resultssuggest that the transplantation of peripheral-blood cells mayoffer advantages over the transplantation of bone marrow interms of overall survival and disease-free survival. These benefitswere seen primarily among the patients with advanced hematologiccancer and may be related to the lower risks of interstitialpneumonia and recurrent disease with peripheral-blood–celltransplantation. This finding is in agreement with those ofa retrospective registry analysis in which the rate of survivalwas higher among patients with advanced hematologic cancer whoreceived peripheral-blood cells rather than marrow.14
Four randomized studies, the largest of which involved 100 patients,have compared peripheral-blood cells with bone marrow for hematopoieticrescue after high-dose chemotherapy.15,16,17,18 In all fourstudies, platelet recovery occurred earlier — and in three,neutrophil recovery also occurred earlier — in the patientswho received peripheral-blood cells than in those who receivedmarrow. In the fourth study, the time to neutrophil recoverywas similar in the two groups. In all four studies, the riskof acute GVHD was similar in recipients of peripheral-bloodcells and recipients of marrow. In two of the four studies,the risk of chronic GVHD was higher among those who receivedperipheral-blood cells. These disparities might have been dueto a variety of factors, including the small numbers of patientsin each study and differences among the studies in the lengthof follow-up, the type of prophylaxis against GVHD, or the regimenof G-CSF used for the mobilization of peripheral-blood cells.
In two of the studies that reported a higher incidence of chronicGVHD with peripheral-blood cells than with bone marrow, methotrexatewas omitted on day 11 after stem-cell transplantation. In patientswho receive an allogeneic marrow graft, omission of the doseof methotrexate on day 11 increases the risk of acute GVHD.20Although this observation does not directly explain the higherincidence of chronic GVHD in patients who receive peripheral-bloodcells, acute GVHD predisposes patients to the development ofchronic GVHD. Recently, a large registry analysis reported ahigher incidence of chronic GVHD among recipients of peripheral-bloodcells (65 percent, vs. 53 percent among bone marrow recipients;P=0.02)14; this difference is similar in magnitude to that inour study.
In all the reported randomized studies, the dose of G-CSF was10 µg per kilogram per day, which was lower than the doseof 16 µg per kilogram per day used in our study. Our regimenof G-CSF was chosen on the basis of data indicating that theyield of CD34+ cells is better with the higher dose, both forautologous transplantation and for allogeneic transplantation.In animal models and in clinical studies, G-CSF induces T cellsto produce interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, rather than interleukin-2and interferon-. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 (the profileof type 2 helper T cells) have been shown to down-regulate inflammatoryresponses, including that involved in GVHD, whereas interleukin-2and interferon tend to be proinflammatory.26,27 Other work hasshown that use of G-CSF mobilizes greater numbers of CD14+ monocyteswith suppressor-cell function28 and greater numbers of dendriticcells that induce a type 2 helper T-cell response.29 Thus, thedose of G-CSF may influence the risk of chronic GVHD by inducingqualitative or quantitative changes in the cytokines producedby T cells from the donor.
The results of one randomized study and one retrospective studysuggested that the transplantation of peripheral-blood cellsrather than bone marrow after high-dose chemotherapy for hematologiccancer may be associated with a lower risk of relapse.18,30We found a similar trend, although in our study the subgroupsof patients with specific cancers were too small for individualanalysis. The graft-versus-leukemia effect of allogeneic T cellshas been reported to be particularly strong in patients withchronic myeloid leukemia and less obvious in those with othertypes of leukemia. Further studies are needed to answer questionsabout the antileukemic potency of peripheral-blood cells ascompared with that of bone marrow.
Our study indicates that for allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation,the use of peripheral-blood cells rather than bone marrow resultsin higher rates of overall and disease-free survival. Moreover,we found that the patients in whom the benefit of peripheral-bloodcells was most apparent were those with advanced hematologiccancer. However, since survival was not a prespecified end pointin the original design of the study, these results must be interpretedwith caution. Other studies have also shown that the use ofperipheral-blood cells is associated with fewer days of hospitalizationand lower overall costs.
Supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute (CA18029,CA18221, CA15704, CA30206, CA49605, and CA33572), the NationalInstitute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1P30DK56465-01), and the Jose Carreras International Leukemia Foundation.
Source Information
From the Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (W.I.B., P.J.M., B.S., R.C., M.E.D.F., K.L., T.R.C., R.S., F.R.A.); the Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle (W.I.B., P.J.M., B.S., M.E.D.F., T.R.C., R.S., F.R.A.); the Divisions of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, Calif. (S.J.F., A.K.); and the Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (R.N.). Other authors were Scott Rowley, M.D., and Shelly Heimfeld, Ph.D., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle; and Karl Blume, M.D., Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Bensinger at the Division of Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, or at wbensing{at}fhcrc.org.
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Cutler, C., Li, S., Ho, V. T., Koreth, J., Alyea, E., Soiffer, R. J., Antin, J. H.
(2007). Extended follow-up of methotrexate-free immunosuppression using sirolimus and tacrolimus in related and unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Blood
109: 3108-3114
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Oehler, V. G., Gooley, T., Snyder, D. S., Johnston, L., Lin, A., Cummings, C. C., Chu, S., Bhatia, R., Forman, S. J., Negrin, R. S., Appelbaum, F. R., Radich, J. P.
(2007). The effects of imatinib mesylate treatment before allogeneic transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood
109: 1782-1789
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shammo, J. M., Stewart, F. M.
(2007). Hematopoietic growth factors. ASH-SAP
2007: 45-60
[Full Text]
Fung, H. C., Higman, M. A., van Besien, K.
(2007). Stem cell transplantation. ASH-SAP
2007: 328-360
[Full Text]
Carlo-Stella, C., Di Nicola, M., Longoni, P., Cleris, L., Lavazza, C., Milani, R., Milanesi, M., Magni, M., Pace, V., Colotta, F., Avanzini, M. A., Formelli, F., Gianni, A. M.
(2007). Placental Growth Factor-1 Potentiates Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Mobilization Induced by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Mice and Nonhuman Primates. Stem Cells
25: 252-261
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Schmitz, N., Eapen, M., Horowitz, M. M., Zhang, M.-J., Klein, J. P., Rizzo, J. D., Loberiza, F. R., Gratwohl, A., Champlin, R. E.
(2006). Long-term outcome of patients given transplants of mobilized blood or bone marrow: a report from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Blood
108: 4288-4290
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Tian, X., Woll, P. S., Morris, J. K., Linehan, J. L., Kaufman, D. S.
(2006). Hematopoietic Engraftment of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cells Is Regulated by Recipient Innate Immunity. Stem Cells
24: 1370-1380
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Kamble, R. T., Hamadani, M., Selby, G. B.
(2006). Delayed myeloid engraftment due to vancomycin in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Antimicrob Chemother
57: 795-796
[Full Text]
Vasconcelos, Z. F. M., dos Santos, B. M., Farache, J., Palmeira, T. S. S., Areal, R. B., Cunha, J. M. T., Barcinski, M. A., Bonomo, A.
(2006). G-CSF-treated granulocytes inhibit acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood
107: 2192-2199
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Pel, M., van Os, R., Velders, G. A., Hagoort, H., Heegaard, P. M. H., Lindley, I. J. D., Willemze, R., Fibbe, W. E.
(2006). Serpina1 is a potent inhibitor of IL-8-induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
103: 1469-1474
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Burroughs, L., Mielcarek, M., Little, M.-T., Bridger, G., MacFarland, R., Fricker, S., Labrecque, J., Sandmaier, B. M., Storb, R.
(2005). Durable engraftment of AMD3100-mobilized autologous and allogeneic peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in a canine transplantation model. Blood
106: 4002-4008
[Abstract][Full Text]
Banovic, T., MacDonald, K. P. A., Morris, E. S., Rowe, V., Kuns, R., Don, A., Kelly, J., Ledbetter, S., Clouston, A. D., Hill, G. R.
(2005). TGF-{beta} in allogeneic stem cell transplantation: friend or foe?. Blood
106: 2206-2214
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Besien, K., Artz, A., Smith, S., Cao, D., Rich, S., Godley, L., Jones, D., Del Cerro, P., Bennett, D., Casey, B., Odenike, O., Thirman, M., Daugherty, C., Wickrema, A., Zimmerman, T., Larson, R.A., Stock, W.
(2005). Fludarabine, Melphalan, and Alemtuzumab Conditioning in Adults With Standard-Risk Advanced Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome. JCO
23: 5728-5738
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pavletic, S. Z., Khouri, I. F., Haagenson, M., King, R. J., Bierman, P. J., Bishop, M. R., Carston, M., Giralt, S., Molina, A., Copelan, E. A., Ringden, O., Roy, V., Ballen, K., Adkins, D. R., McCarthy, P., Weisdorf, D., Montserrat, E., Anasetti, C.
(2005). Unrelated Donor Marrow Transplantation for B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia After Using Myeloablative Conditioning: Results From the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. JCO
23: 5788-5794
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Stem Cell Trialists' Collaborative Group,
(2005). Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem-Cell Compared With Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Management of Hematologic Malignancies: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Nine Randomized Trials. JCO
23: 5074-5087
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Leibundgut, K., Schmitz, N. M.R., Hirt, A.
(2005). Catalytic Activities of G1 Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein in Mobilized Peripheral Blood CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells
23: 1002-1011
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Wallen, H., Gooley, T. A., Deeg, H. J., Pagel, J. M., Press, O. W., Appelbaum, F. R., Storb, R., Gopal, A. K.
(2005). Ablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adults 60 Years of Age and Older. JCO
23: 3439-3446
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Sanders, J. E., Im, H. J., Hoffmeister, P. A., Gooley, T. A., Woolfrey, A. E., Carpenter, P. A., Andrews, R. G., Bryant, E. M., Appelbaum, F. R.
(2005). Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood
105: 3749-3756
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Girgis, M., Hallemeier, C., Blum, W., Brown, R., Lin, H.-s., Khoury, H., Goodnough, L. T., Vij, R., Devine, S., Wehde, M., Postma, S., Oza, A., DiPersio, J., Adkins, D.
(2005). Chimerism and clinical outcomes of 110 recipients of unrelated donor bone marrow transplants who underwent conditioning with low-dose, single-exposure total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide. Blood
105: 3035-3041
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Katsumoto, T. R., Duda, J., Kim, A., Wardak, Z., Dranoff, G., Clapp, D. W., Shannon, K.
(2005). Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and accessory cells modulate radioprotection by purified hematopoietic cells. J. Exp. Med.
201: 853-858
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Baron, F., Maris, M. B., Sandmaier, B. M., Storer, B. E., Sorror, M., Diaconescu, R., Woolfrey, A. E., Chauncey, T. R., Flowers, M. E.D., Mielcarek, M., Maloney, D. G., Storb, R.
(2005). Graft-Versus-Tumor Effects After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Nonmyeloablative Conditioning. JCO
23: 1993-2003
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Cao, T. M., Shizuru, J. A., Wong, R. M., Sheehan, K., Laport, G. G., Stockerl-Goldstein, K. E., Johnston, L. J., Stuart, M. J., Grumet, F. C., Negrin, R. S., Lowsky, R.
(2005). Engraftment and survival following reduced-intensity allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation is affected by CD8+ T-cell dose. Blood
105: 2300-2306
[Abstract][Full Text]
MacDonald, K. P. A., Rowe, V., Clouston, A. D., Welply, J. K., Kuns, R. D., Ferrara, J. L. M., Thomas, R., Hill, G. R.
(2005). Cytokine Expanded Myeloid Precursors Function as Regulatory Antigen-Presenting Cells and Promote Tolerance through IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells. J. Immunol.
174: 1841-1850
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Remberger, M., Beelen, D. W., Fauser, A., Basara, N., Basu, O., Ringden, O.
(2005). Increased risk of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation using unrelated donors. Blood
105: 548-551
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eapen, M., Horowitz, M. M., Klein, J. P., Champlin, R. E., Loberiza, F. R. Jr, Ringden, O., Wagner, J. E.
(2004). Higher Mortality After Allogeneic Peripheral-Blood Transplantation Compared With Bone Marrow in Children and Adolescents: The Histocompatibility and Alternate Stem Cell Source Working Committee of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. JCO
22: 4872-4880
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Pompilio, G., Cannata, A., Peccatori, F., Bertolini, F., Nascimbene, A., Capogrossi, M. C., Biglioli, P.
(2004). Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Myocardial Regeneration: A Novel Strategy for Cell Collection and Surgical Injection. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
78: 1808-1812
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Diaconescu, R., Flowers, C. R., Storer, B., Sorror, M. L., Maris, M. B., Maloney, D. G., Sandmaier, B. M., Storb, R.
(2004). Morbidity and mortality with nonmyeloablative compared with myeloablative conditioning before hematopoietic cell transplantation from HLA-matched related donors. Blood
104: 1550-1558
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tanaka, J., Toubai, T., Tsutsumi, Y., Miura, Y., Kato, N., Umehara, S., Kahata, K., Mori, A., Toyoshima, N., Ota, S., Kobayashi, T., Kobayashi, M., Kasai, M., Asaka, M., Imamura, M.
(2004). Cytolytic activity and regulatory functions of inhibitory NK cell receptor-expressing T cells expanded from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Blood
104: 768-774
[Abstract][Full Text]
Reddy, V., Iturraspe, J. A., Tzolas, A. C., Meier-Kriesche, H.-U., Schold, J., Wingard, J. R.
(2004). Low dendritic cell count after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation predicts relapse, death, and acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood
103: 4330-4335
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Leger, C. S., Nevill, T. J.
(2004). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a primer for the primary care physician. CMAJ
170: 1569-1577
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Morris, E. S., MacDonald, K. P. A., Rowe, V., Johnson, D. H., Banovic, T., Clouston, A. D., Hill, G. R.
(2004). Donor treatment with pegylated G-CSF augments the generation of IL-10-producing regulatory T cells and promotes transplantation tolerance. Blood
103: 3573-3581
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MELO, L. G., PACHORI, A. S., KONG, D., GNECCHI, M., WANG, K., PRATT, R. E., DZAU, V. J.
(2004). Gene and cell-based therapies for heart disease. FASEB J.
18: 648-663
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Blaise, D., Bay, J. O., Faucher, C., Michallet, M., Boiron, J.-M., Choufi, B., Cahn, J.-Y., Gratecos, N., Sotto, J.-J., Francois, S., Fleury, J., Mohty, M., Chabannon, C., Bilger, K., Gravis, G., Viret, F., Braud, A. C., Bardou, V. J., Maraninchi, D., Viens, P.
(2004). Reduced-intensity preparative regimen and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for advanced solid tumors. Blood
103: 435-441
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stone, R. M., O'Donnell, M. R., Sekeres, M. A.
(2004). Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ASH Education Book
2004: 98-117
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kanda, Y., Chiba, S., Hirai, H., Sakamaki, H., Iseki, T., Kodera, Y., Karasuno, T., Okamoto, S., Hirabayashi, N., Iwato, K., Maruta, A., Fujimori, Y., Furukawa, T., Mineishi, S., Matsuo, K., Hamajima, N., Imamura, M.
(2003). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from family members other than HLA-identical siblings over the last decade (1991-2000). Blood
102: 1541-1547
[Abstract][Full Text]
Perez-Simon, J. A., Diez-Campelo, M., Martino, R., Sureda, A., Caballero, D., Canizo, C., Brunet, S., Altes, A., Vazquez, L., Sierra, J., Miguel, J. F. S.
(2003). Impact of CD34+ cell dose on the outcome of patients undergoing reduced-intensity-conditioning allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Blood
102: 1108-1113
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mohty, M., Bay, J.-O., Faucher, C., Choufi, B., Bilger, K., Tournilhac, O., Vey, N., Stoppa, A.-M., Coso, D., Chabannon, C., Viens, P., Maraninchi, D., Blaise, D.
(2003). Graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic transplantation from HLA-identical sibling with antithymocyte globulin-based reduced-intensity preparative regimen. Blood
102: 470-476
[Abstract][Full Text]
Radich, J. P., Gooley, T., Bensinger, W., Chauncey, T., Clift, R., Flowers, M., Martin, P., Slattery, J., Sultan, D., Appelbaum, F. R.
(2003). HLA-matched related hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic-phase CML using a targeted busulfan and cyclophosphamide preparative regimen. Blood
102: 31-35
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shilling, H. G., McQueen, K. L., Cheng, N. W., Shizuru, J. A., Negrin, R. S., Parham, P.
(2003). Reconstitution of NK cell receptor repertoire following HLA-matched hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood
101: 3730-3740
[Abstract][Full Text]
Storek, J., Viganego, F., Dawson, M. A., Herremans, M. M. P. T., Boeckh, M., Flowers, M. E. D., Storer, B., Bensinger, W. I., Witherspoon, R. P., Maloney, D. G.
(2003). Factors affecting antibody levels after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood
101: 3319-3324
[Abstract][Full Text]
MacDonald, K. P. A., Rowe, V., Filippich, C., Thomas, R., Clouston, A. D., Welply, J. K., Hart, D. N. J., Ferrara, J. L. M., Hill, G. R.
(2003). Donor pretreatment with progenipoietin-1 is superior to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in preventing graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood
101: 2033-2042
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Sasaki, M., Hasegawa, H., Kohno, M., Inoue, A., Ito, M. R., Fujita, S.
(2003). Antagonist of Secondary Lymphoid-Tissue Chemokine (CCR Ligand 21) Prevents the Development of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mice. J. Immunol.
170: 588-596
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Barrett, A. J., Rezvani, K., Solomon, S., Dickinson, A. M., Wang, X. N., Stark, G., Cullup, H., Jarvis, M., Middleton, P. G., Chao, N.
(2003). New Developments in Allotransplant Immunology. ASH Education Book
2003: 350-371
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cottler-Fox, M. H., Lapidot, T., Petit, I., Kollet, O., DiPersio, J. F., Link, D., Devine, S.
(2003). Stem Cell Mobilization. ASH Education Book
2003: 419-437
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ringden, O., Labopin, M., Bacigalupo, A., Arcese, W., Schaefer, U.W., Willemze, R., Koc, H., Bunjes, D., Gluckman, E., Rocha, V., Schattenberg, A., Frassoni, F.
(2002). Transplantation of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells as Compared With Bone Marrow From HLA-Identical Siblings in Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JCO
20: 4655-4664
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Marr, K. A., Carter, R. A., Boeckh, M., Martin, P., Corey, L.
(2002). Invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: changes in epidemiology and risk factors. Blood
100: 4358-4366
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dominietto, A., Lamparelli, T., Raiola, A. M., Van Lint, M. T., Gualandi, F., Berisso, G., Bregante, S., di Grazia, C., Soracco, M., Pitto, A., Frassoni, F., Bacigalupo, A.
(2002). Transplant-related mortality and long-term graft function are significantly influenced by cell dose in patients undergoing allogeneic marrow transplantation. Blood
100: 3930-3934
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rocha, V., Labopin, M., Gluckman, E., Powles, R., Arcese, W., Bacigalupo, A., Reiffers, J., Iriondo, A., Ringden, O., Ruutu, T., Frassoni, F.
(2002). Relevance of Bone Marrow Cell Dose on Allogeneic Transplantation Outcomes for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission: Results of a European Survey. JCO
20: 4324-4330
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Mohty, M., Kuentz, M., Michallet, M., Bourhis, J.-H., Milpied, N., Sutton, L., Jouet, J.-P., Attal, M., Bordigoni, P., Cahn, J.-Y., Boiron, J.-M., Blaise, D.
(2002). Chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation: long-term results of a randomized study. Blood
100: 3128-3134
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Gratwohl, A., Baldomero, H., Horisberger, B., Schmid, C., Passweg, J., Urbano-Ispizua, A.
(2002). Current trends in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Europe. Blood
100: 2374-2386
[Abstract][Full Text]
Afessa, B., Tefferi, A., Litzow, M. R., Krowka, M. J., Wylam, M. E., Peters, S. G.
(2002). Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
166: 641-645
[Full Text]
Sierra, J., Perez, W. S., Rozman, C., Carreras, E., Klein, J. P., Rizzo, J. D., Davies, S. M., Lazarus, H. M., Bredeson, C. N., Marks, D. I., Canals, C., Boogaerts, M. A., Goldman, J., Champlin, R. E., Keating, A., Weisdorf, D. J., de Witte, T. M., Horowitz, M. M.
(2002). Bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings as treatment for myelodysplasia. Blood
100: 1997-2004
[Abstract][Full Text]
Couban, S., Simpson, D. R., Barnett, M. J., Bredeson, C., Hubesch, L., Howson-Jan, K., Shore, T. B., Walker, I. R., Browett, P., Messner, H. A., Panzarella, T., Lipton, J. H.
(2002). A randomized multicenter comparison of bone marrow and peripheral blood in recipients of matched sibling allogeneic transplants for myeloid malignancies. Blood
100: 1525-1531
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Powles, R., Sirohi, B., Treleaven, J., Kulkarni, S., Tait, D., Singhal, S., Mehta, J.
(2002). The role of posttransplantation maintenance chemotherapy in improving the outcome of autotransplantation in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood
100: 1641-1647
[Abstract][Full Text]
Deeg, H. J., Storer, B., Slattery, J. T., Anasetti, C., Doney, K. C., Hansen, J. A., Kiem, H.-P., Martin, P. J., Petersdorf, E., Radich, J. P., Sanders, J. E., Shulman, H. M., Warren, E. H., Witherspoon, R. P., Bryant, E. M., Chauncey, T. R., Getzendaner, L., Storb, R., Appelbaum, F. R.
(2002). Conditioning with targeted busulfan and cyclophosphamide for hemopoietic stem cell transplantation from related and unrelated donors in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood
100: 1201-1207
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Lapierre, V., Auperin, A., Tayebi, H., Chabod, J., Saas, P., Michalet, M., Francois, S., Garban, F., Giraud, C., Tramalloni, D., Oubouzar, N., Blaise, D., Kuentz, M., Robinet, E., Tiberghien, P.
(2002). Increased presence of anti-HLA antibodies early after allogeneic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation compared with bone marrow transplantation. Blood
100: 1484-1489
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schmitz, N., Beksac, M., Hasenclever, D., Bacigalupo, A., Ruutu, T., Nagler, A., Gluckman, E., Russell, N., Apperley, J. F., Gorin, N. C., Szer, J., Bradstock, K., Buzyn, A., Clark, P., Borkett, K., Gratwohl, A.
(2002). Transplantation of mobilized peripheral blood cells to HLA-identical siblings with standard-risk leukemia. Blood
100: 761-767
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shilling, H. G., Young, N., Guethlein, L. A., Cheng, N. W., Gardiner, C. M., Tyan, D., Parham, P.
(2002). Genetic Control of Human NK Cell Repertoire. J. Immunol.
169: 239-247
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Flowers, M. E. D., Parker, P. M., Johnston, L. J., Matos, A. V. B., Storer, B., Bensinger, W. I., Storb, R., Appelbaum, F. R., Forman, S. J., Blume, K. G., Martin, P. J.
(2002). Comparison of chronic graft-versus-host disease after transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells versus bone marrow in allogeneic recipients: long-term follow-up of a randomized trial. Blood
100: 415-419
[Abstract][Full Text]
Guardiola, P., Runde, V., Bacigalupo, A., Ruutu, T., Locatelli, F., Boogaerts, M. A., Pagliuca, A., Cornelissen, J. J., Schouten, H. C., Carreras, E., Finke, J., van Biezen, A., Brand, R., Niederwieser, D., Gluckman, E., de Witte, T. M.
(2002). Retrospective comparison of bone marrow and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells for allogeneic stem cell transplantation using HLA identical sibling donors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood
99: 4370-4378
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mullighan, C. G., Heatley, S., Doherty, K., Szabo, F., Grigg, A., Hughes, T. P., Schwarer, A. P., Szer, J., Tait, B. D., Bik To, L., Bardy, P. G.
(2002). Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms are associated with major infection following allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood
99: 3524-3529
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bittencourt, H., Rocha, V., Chevret, S., Socie, G., Esperou, H., Devergie, A., Dal Cortivo, L., Marolleau, J.-P., Garnier, F., Ribaud, P., Gluckman, E.
(2002). Association of CD34 cell dose with hematopoietic recovery, infections, and other outcomes after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation. Blood
99: 2726-2733
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woolfrey, A. E., Anasetti, C., Storer, B., Doney, K., Milner, L. A., Sievers, E. L., Carpenter, P., Martin, P., Petersdorf, E., Appelbaum, F. R., Hansen, J. A., Sanders, J. E.
(2002). Factors associated with outcome after unrelated marrow transplantation for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Blood
99: 2002-2008
[Abstract][Full Text]
Korbling, M., Katz, R. L., Khanna, A., Ruifrok, A. C., Rondon, G., Albitar, M., Champlin, R. E., Estrov, Z.
(2002). Hepatocytes and Epithelial Cells of Donor Origin in Recipients of Peripheral-Blood Stem Cells. NEJM
346: 738-746
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Veys, P., Owens, C.
(2002). Respiratory infections following haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Br Med Bull
61: 151-174
[Abstract][Full Text]
Elmaagacli, A. H., Basoglu, S., Peceny, R., Trenschel, R., Ottinger, H., Lollert, A., Runde, V., Grosse-Wilde, H., Beelen, D. W., Schaefer, U. W.
(2002). Improved disease-free-survival after transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells as compared with bone marrow from HLA-identical unrelated donors in patients with first chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood
99: 1130-1135
[Abstract][Full Text]
Auffermann-Gretzinger, S., Lossos, I. S., Vayntrub, T. A., Leong, W., Grumet, F. C., Blume, K. G., Stockerl-Goldstein, K. E., Levy, R., Shizuru, J. A.
(2002). Rapid establishment of dendritic cell chimerism in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Blood
99: 1442-1448
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Tzachanis, D., Berezovskaya, A., Nadler, L. M., Boussiotis, V. A.
(2002). Blockade of B7/CD28 in mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures results in the generation of alternatively activated macrophages, which suppress T-cell responses. Blood
99: 1465-1473
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kang, E. M., Areman, E. M., David-Ocampo, V., Fitzhugh, C., Link, M. E., Read, E. J., Leitman, S. F., Rodgers, G. P., Tisdale, J. F.
(2002). Mobilization, collection, and processing of peripheral blood stem cells in individuals with sickle cell trait. Blood
99: 850-855
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Mehta, J., Singhal, S., Cutler, C., Antin, J. H.
(2002). Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral-Blood Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Little Methotrexate Goes a Long Way. JCO
20: 603-606
[Full Text]
Giles, F. J., Keating, A., Goldstone, A. H., Avivi, I., Willman, C. L., Kantarjian, H. M.
(2002). Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ASH Education Book
2002: 73-110
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Druker, B. J., O'Brien, S. G., Cortes, J., Radich, J.
(2002). Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. ASH Education Book
2002: 111-135
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hoelzer, D., Gokbuget, N., Ottmann, O., Pui, C.-H., Relling, M. V., Appelbaum, F. R., van Dongen, J. J.M., Szczepanski, T.
(2002). Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ASH Education Book
2002: 162-192
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maloney, D. G., Sandmaier, B. M., Mackinnon, S., Shizuru, J. A.
(2002). Non-Myeloablative Transplantation. ASH Education Book
2002: 392-421
[Abstract][Full Text]
Weissinger, F., Sandmaier, B. M., Maloney, D. G., Bensinger, W. I., Gooley, T., Storb, R.
(2001). Decreased transfusion requirements for patients receiving nonmyeloablative compared with conventional peripheral blood stem cell transplants from HLA-identical siblings. Blood
98: 3584-3588
[Abstract][Full Text]
Morton, J., Hutchins, C., Durrant, S.
(2001). Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed allogeneic bone marrow: significantly less graft-versus-host disease and comparable engraftment to G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. Blood
98: 3186-3191
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zaucha, J. M., Gooley, T., Bensinger, W. I., Heimfeld, S., Chauncey, T. R., Zaucha, R., Martin, P. J., Flowers, M. E. D., Storek, J., Georges, G., Storb, R., Torok-Storb, B.
(2001). CD34 cell dose in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell grafts affects engraftment kinetics and development of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease after human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplantation. Blood
98: 3221-3227
[Abstract][Full Text]
Korbling, M., Anderlini, P.
(2001). Peripheral blood stem cell versus bone marrow allotransplantation: does the source of hematopoietic stem cells matter?. Blood
98: 2900-2908
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cutler, C., Giri, S., Jeyapalan, S., Paniagua, D., Viswanathan, A., Antin, J. H.
(2001). Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral-Blood Stem-Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis. JCO
19: 3685-3691
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schwarzenberger, P., Huang, W., Oliver, P., Byrne, P., La Russa, V., Zhang, Z., Kolls, J. K.
(2001). IL-17 Mobilizes Peripheral Blood Stem Cells with Short- and Long-Term Repopulating Ability in Mice. J. Immunol.
167: 2081-2086
[Abstract][Full Text]
Storek, J., Wells, D., Dawson, M. A., Storer, B., Maloney, D. G.
(2001). Factors influencing B lymphopoiesis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood
98: 489-491
[Abstract][Full Text]
Storek, J., Dawson, M. A., Storer, B., Stevens-Ayers, T., Maloney, D. G., Marr, K. A., Witherspoon, R. P., Bensinger, W., Flowers, M. E. D., Martin, P., Storb, R., Appelbaum, F. R., Boeckh, M.
(2001). Immune reconstitution after allogeneic marrow transplantation compared with blood stem cell transplantation. Blood
97: 3380-3389
[Abstract][Full Text]
Singhal, S., Powles, R., Mehta, J., Klumpp, T. R., Goker, H., Bensinger, W. I., Storer, B., Appelbaum, F. R.
(2001). Hematopoietic Reconstitution by Transplantation of Stem Cells from Bone Marrow or Blood. NEJM
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Rowley, S. D., Donaldson, G., Lilleby, K., Bensinger, W. I., Appelbaum, F. R.
(2001). Experiences of donors enrolled in a randomized study of allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Blood
97: 2541-2548
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Druker, B. J., Sawyers, C. L., Capdeville, R., Ford, J. M., Baccarani, M., Goldman, J. M.
(2001). Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. ASH Education Book
2001: 87-112
[Abstract][Full Text]
30 or >30 years), and stage of cancer (less advanced or more advanced). Within these strata, assignments were balanced in blocks of random size. Less advanced cancers were defined as acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission; chronic myeloid leukemia in a chronic phase; lymphoma in first remission, untreated first relapse, or second remission; and refractory anemia without excess blasts. All other stages of these cancers and all other types of hematologic cancers were considered more advanced disease. 
. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 (the profile of type 2 helper T cells) have been shown to down-regulate inflammatory responses, including that involved in GVHD, whereas interleukin-2 and interferon tend to be proinflammatory.26,27 Other work has shown that use of G-CSF mobilizes greater numbers of CD14+ monocytes with suppressor-cell function28 and greater numbers of dendritic cells that induce a type 2 helper T-cell response.29 Thus, the dose of G-CSF may influence the risk of chronic GVHD by inducing qualitative or quantitative changes in the cytokines produced by T cells from the donor. 
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