Shai et al. 359 (3): 229, Figure 4 July 17, 2008

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Figure 4. Changes in Biomarkers According to Diet Group and Presence or Absence of Type 2 Diabetes.

Panel A shows the results for plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Panel B for plasma adiponectin, Panel C for plasma leptin, Panel D for fasting plasma glucose, Panel E for fasting plasma insulin, and Panel F for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Vertical bars indicate standard deviations. To statistically evaluate the response of weight measurements over time, generalized estimating equations were used, with the low-fat group as the reference group. The explanatory variables were age, sex, time point, and diet group. Data were available for 36 participants with type 2 diabetes: 11 in the low-fat group, 13 in the Mediterranean-diet group, and 12 in the low-carbohydrate group. The P values for the comparison between the low-fat group and the Mediterranean-diet group are 0.49 for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 0.50 for adiponectin, 0.54 for leptin, <0.001 for fasting glucose, 0.78 for fasting insulin, and 0.04 for HOMA-IR. The P values for the comparison between the low-fat group and the low-carbohydrate group are 0.12 for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 0.32 for adiponectin, 0.47 for leptin, 0.12 for fasting glucose, 0.20 for fasting insulin, and 0.27 for HOMA-IR. The P values for the interaction among diabetes and Mediterranean diet and time are <0.001 for fasting glucose and 0.04 for HOMA-IR. To convert values for glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.05551.

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